INT10141

Context Info Confidence 0.35 First Reported 1981 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 1 Reported most in Abstract Documents 11 Total Number 12 Disease Relevance 9.37 Pain Relevance 2.75

cytosol (A2M) extracellular space (A2M) extracellular region (A2M) enzyme binding (A2M)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 2 glial cells 2 feces 1 lymphocytes 1 saliva 1 A2M (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Inflammatory response 9 99.48 Chronic pancreatitis 5 99.08 Angina 12 98.96 Inflammation 36 97.48 Abeta 4 93.76 cytokine 14 92.80 aspirin 2 92.44 cINOD 4 91.72 Pain 8 70.36 spastic colon 25 69.92

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Pancreatic Cancer 4 99.84 Fever 9 99.78 Pancreatitis 15 99.52 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 118 99.40 INFLAMMATION 41 99.30 Cv General 3 Under Development 12 98.96 Coronary Artery Disease 5 98.60 Disease 137 97.20 Disease Progression 3 96.72 Mouth Disease 2 96.60

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Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Activation of glial cells and the subsequent expression of a number of proteins including alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M) are associated with the induction of brain tissue inflammation.

Gene_expression (expression) of macroglobulin in glial cells associated with inflammation

1) Confidence 0.35 Published 2002 Journal Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 12399113 Disease Relevance 0.79 Pain Relevance 0.53

NF-kappaB mediates IL-1beta-induced synthesis/release of alpha2-macroglobulin in a human glial cell line.

Gene_expression (synthesis/release) of macroglobulin in glial cell

2) Confidence 0.31 Published 2002 Journal Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. Section Title Doc Link 12399113 Disease Relevance 0.75 Pain Relevance 0.49

However, human lymphocytes blastogenesis was enhanced after in vitro heating at 39 degrees C. 3) E-rosetting capability and PHA-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes were depressed just immediately after the treatment in patients treated with TBHT, which returned to pretreatment levels within a week. 4) Decreased PHA and PPD skin reactions remained up to 3 weeks after the last TBHT. 5) Serum levels of immunoglobulin, complement and alpha 2-macroglobulin were slightly affected by TBHT, and serum haptoglobin showed a tendency to decrease.

Gene_expression (levels) of 2-macroglobulin in lymphocytes associated with fever

3) Confidence 0.16 Published 1983 Journal Gan To Kagaku Ryoho Section Abstract Doc Link 6870291 Disease Relevance 0.92 Pain Relevance 0.14

Levels of antithrombin III, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in acute ischemic heart disease.

Gene_expression (Levels) of alpha 2-macroglobulin in heart associated with coronary artery disease

4) Confidence 0.09 Published 1981 Journal J. Lab. Clin. Med. Section Title Doc Link 6161197 Disease Relevance 0.52 Pain Relevance 0.08

It is known for example that the level of alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitripsin, elastase and also albumin in saliva may be good indicators of gingivitis and/or periodontitis.

Gene_expression (level) of alpha-2-macroglobulin in saliva associated with periodontitis and mouth disease

5) Confidence 0.09 Published 2008 Journal Current Genomics Section Body Doc Link PMC2674305 Disease Relevance 0.77 Pain Relevance 0.07

Alpha I antitrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobulin levels in these cases showed no significant difference compared to normals.

Gene_expression (levels) of alpha 2 macroglobulin

6) Confidence 0.07 Published 1990 Journal Indian Heart J Section Abstract Doc Link 1711506 Disease Relevance 0.93 Pain Relevance 0.35

In contrast, the plasma levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin were drastically lowered.

Gene_expression (levels) of alpha 2-macroglobulin in plasma

7) Confidence 0.03 Published 1981 Journal Klin. Wochenschr. Section Abstract Doc Link 7019564 Disease Relevance 0.53 Pain Relevance 0.07

In 2004, Bachman et al. [2] demonstrated that CO2 insufflation reduces the inflammatory response in rats based on reduced levels of alpha-2 macroglobulin mRNA and beta fibrinogen.

Gene_expression (levels) of alpha-2 macroglobulin mRNA associated with inflammatory response

8) Confidence 0.03 Published 2009 Journal Surg Endosc Section Body Doc Link PMC2814196 Disease Relevance 0.91 Pain Relevance 0.16

An increase of elastase 1, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin was detected in pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis and extra-pancreatic diseases; no changes were found for serum immunoreactive trypsin.

Gene_expression (detected) of alpha 2-macroglobulin associated with pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis

9) Confidence 0.02 Published 1986 Journal Enzyme Section Abstract Doc Link 2427333 Disease Relevance 0.75 Pain Relevance 0.20

The levels of alpha2-macroglobulin in the feces have a positive relationship with the activity index in CD but not in subjects with UC.32

Gene_expression (levels) of alpha2-macroglobulin in feces associated with inflammatory bowel disease and disease

10) Confidence 0.01 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Body Doc Link PMC2827710 Disease Relevance 1.00 Pain Relevance 0.16

Plasma antigen concentrations and/or activities of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), fibrinogen, fibronectin, plasminogen, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, protein C, total and free protein S, antithrombin III (AT-III), von Willebrand factor (vWF), factors (F) XII, XI, IX, VIII, VII, X, V, II, and XIII, and plasma antiplasmin activity were measured using appropriate functional or immunologic assays.

Gene_expression (concentrations) of 2-macroglobulin in plasma

11) Confidence 0.01 Published 1992 Journal Am. J. Med. Section Abstract Doc Link 1466361 Disease Relevance 0.77 Pain Relevance 0.35

In order to investigate modifications of serum levels of elastase 1, immunoreactive trypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in chronic pancreatic disease, and to speculate on the possible relationships among these parameters, the enzymes and inhibitors were assayed in the sera of 33 control subjects, 34 pancreatic cancer, 28 chronic pancreatitis and 36 extra-pancreatic diseases.

Spec (investigate) Gene_expression (levels) of alpha 2-macroglobulin associated with pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis

12) Confidence 0.01 Published 1986 Journal Enzyme Section Abstract Doc Link 2427333 Disease Relevance 0.66 Pain Relevance 0.16

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