INT120466

Context Info Confidence 0.78 First Reported 1999 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 21 Total Number 25 Disease Relevance 6.00 Pain Relevance 1.75

small molecule metabolic process (LCT) plasma membrane (LCT) carbohydrate metabolic process (LCT)

Anatomy Link Frequency epithelial cells 2 fat 1 OGM 1 LCT (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Opioid 7 97.72 Glutamate 4 92.00 Bioavailability 48 91.20 depression 3 86.56 Lamotrigine 4 84.52 aspirin 4 83.76 imagery 141 79.88 abdominal pain 6 76.32 nud 5 74.16 Pain 1 71.68

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Anti-phospholipid Antibody Syndrome 4 99.56 Critical Illness 57 99.48 Death 35 99.12 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 51 96.56 Injury 102 95.28 Infection 15 92.60 Thrombosis 3 89.60 Diverticulitis 6 89.40 Sepsis 15 87.92 Depression 3 86.56

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

This hereditary persistence of lactase is common primarily in people of northern European descent and is attributed to inheritance of an autosomal-dominant mutation that prevents the maturational decline in lactase expression.

Gene_expression (expression) of lactase

1) Confidence 0.78 Published 2004 Journal Am J Pharmacogenomics Section Abstract Doc Link 15287817 Disease Relevance 0.66 Pain Relevance 0.07

We also found that occipital gray matter (OGM) NAA/Cr was decreased (p = 0.03) and lactate (Lac) was present in a significantly higher amount (40%; p = 0.03) in non-opioid-treated neonates compared with opioid-treated neonates.

Gene_expression (present) of Lac in OGM associated with opioid

2) Confidence 0.75 Published 2007 Journal Pediatr. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 17413864 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.72

There are all reasons to believe that Neanderthals carried the ancestral allele, namely a C/T substitution at position -13910 with respect to the modern allele causing persistence of lactase enzyme production after waning, and thus of the ability to digest milk.

Gene_expression (production) of lactase

3) Confidence 0.74 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2871044 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

The lactase gene [LCT (MIM 603202)] is expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells and its protein product contributes to carbohydrate metabolism via digestion of the milk sugar lactose.

Gene_expression (expressed) of lactase in epithelial cells

4) Confidence 0.74 Published 2010 Journal Human Molecular Genetics Section Body Doc Link PMC2830824 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0.11

The lactase gene [LCT (MIM 603202)] is expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells and its protein product contributes to carbohydrate metabolism via digestion of the milk sugar lactose.

Gene_expression (expressed) of LCT in epithelial cells

5) Confidence 0.64 Published 2010 Journal Human Molecular Genetics Section Body Doc Link PMC2830824 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0.11

Mulcare et al. [9] introduced a base change in the penultimate base of the LAC-C-M-U primer (G instead of T) such that the PCR product would be cut by HinfI when the LCT-13910T allele is present.

Gene_expression (present) of LCT

6) Confidence 0.58 Published 2009 Journal Nutr J Section Body Doc Link PMC2761420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In agreement to mitochondrial and LCT loci, only a single misincorporation is observed among the derived 454 reads as opposed to ancestral haplotypes; contrarily to patterns of taphonomic DNA degradation, it consists in a GC?

Gene_expression (loci) of LCT

7) Confidence 0.56 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2871044 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In agreement to mitochondrial and LCT loci, only a single misincorporation is observed among the derived 454 reads as opposed to ancestral haplotypes; contrarily to patterns of taphonomic DNA degradation, it consists in a GC?

Gene_expression (mitochondrial) of LCT

8) Confidence 0.56 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2871044 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that African-Brazilians carry the relative ancestral contribution of central-west, southeast, and west Africa [10], where the LCT-13910T variant of lactase persistence of Europeans in Africa was present [5].

Gene_expression (present) of LCT-13910T variant

9) Confidence 0.55 Published 2009 Journal Nutr J Section Body Doc Link PMC2761420 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0

Positive controls (PCR products of LCT-13910CT and TT genotypes) were included to ensure complete digestion.

Gene_expression (products) of LCT-13910CT

10) Confidence 0.55 Published 2009 Journal Nutr J Section Body Doc Link PMC2761420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Part of this effort is the creation of the Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) in Cuba, Brazil and many other LAC countries.

Gene_expression (countries) of LAC

11) Confidence 0.47 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Section Body Doc Link PMC2898047 Disease Relevance 0.21 Pain Relevance 0

JMP shows that the progress towards MDG drinking water target for LAC countries increased from 84% in 1990 to 92% in 2006.

Gene_expression (countries) of LAC

12) Confidence 0.47 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Section Body Doc Link PMC2898047 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In many LAC countries, HSR has not contributed to the desired goal of reducing inequalities of healthcare access, rather increased the gap in health services between individuals of different income groups.

Gene_expression (countries) of LAC

13) Confidence 0.47 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Section Body Doc Link PMC2898047 Disease Relevance 0.33 Pain Relevance 0.03

After Africa, LAC region was one of the fastest growing regions, but this population explosion stopped around 1970 due to the political instability of the region.

Gene_expression (region) of LAC

14) Confidence 0.47 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Section Body Doc Link PMC2898047 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0

Cuba stands as the first LAC country that has already fulfilled the MDG by reducing its IMR to 5.82 per 1,000 live births, the lowest rate in the region [55] (Figure 2).

Gene_expression (country) of LAC

15) Confidence 0.47 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Section Body Doc Link PMC2898047 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0

Operating time (more than 1 h shorter) and conversion rate (10% vs. 75%) were lower in these complicated cases in the HALS group compared to the LAC group.

Gene_expression (group) of LAC

16) Confidence 0.26 Published 2008 Journal Surg Endosc Section Body Doc Link PMC2471396 Disease Relevance 0.21 Pain Relevance 0

Several major differences exist between MCT and LCT in respect with their in vivo fate, such as lipolytic products, differences in the modulation on gastric emptying (Hunt and Knox 1968) and the contraction of the gallbladder in humans (Ladas et al 1984).

Gene_expression (exist) of LCT

17) Confidence 0.24 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2374933 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.18

Similarly, in critically ill patients the addition of LCT emulsion did not modify glucose metabolism so that 45% of the administered fat was stored [50].

Gene_expression (emulsion) of LCT in fat associated with critical illness

18) Confidence 0.14 Published 1999 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC137235 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0

There has been interest in substituting MCT for some of the LCT.

Gene_expression (some) of LCT

19) Confidence 0.14 Published 1999 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC137235 Disease Relevance 0.55 Pain Relevance 0.04

Others, however, have not observed suppression of glucose oxidation in normal persons when LCT emulsion was added to a glucose infusion [49].

Gene_expression (emulsion) of LCT

20) Confidence 0.14 Published 1999 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC137235 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0

General Comments

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