INT1322

Context Info Confidence 0.70 First Reported 1976 Last Reported 2011 Negated 13 Speculated 6 Reported most in Abstract Documents 293 Total Number 302 Disease Relevance 120.86 Pain Relevance 45.98

extracellular space (INS) small molecule metabolic process (INS) extracellular region (INS) carbohydrate metabolic process (INS) cell-cell signaling (INS)

Anatomy Link Frequency blood 31 pancreas 24 plasma 18 pancreatic islets 12 body 8 INS (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Somatostatin 181 100.00 narcan 106 100.00 Clonidine 71 100.00 Bile 52 100.00 Enkephalin 52 100.00 Inflammatory marker 24 100.00 Catecholamine 22 100.00 substance P 19 100.00 bradykinin 18 100.00 Chronic pancreatitis 12 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Diabetes Mellitus 7528 100.00 Hypoglycemia 1457 100.00 Obesity 1287 100.00 INFLAMMATION 1023 100.00 Insulin Resistance 587 100.00 Hyperinsulinism 286 100.00 Hypertension 270 100.00 Pancreatitis 205 100.00 Natriuresis 10 100.00 Respiratory Disease 9 100.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

To determine insulin secretory reserve after islet transplant, we performed studies of glucose potentiation of arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) in eight recipients of intrahepatic islet autotransplants.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin

1) Confidence 0.70 Published 1998 Journal Diabetes Section Abstract Doc Link 9519735 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.08

To evaluate possible synergistic interactions between these inhibitory agents upon the regulation of insulin release in man, we examined the effects of PGE, epinephrine and the long-acting met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824, given alone or in combination, upon glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal man.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with enkephalin

2) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3908178 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0.17

Similarly, the negative effect of FK 33-824 upon glucose-induced insulin secretion was reversed by sodium salicylate.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin

3) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3908178 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0.13

Prostaglandin E (PGE), epinephrine and metenkephalin are three endogenous substances normally present in the endocrine pancreas which have been reported to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal humans.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin in endocrine pancreas

4) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3908178 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.16

The inhibitory effect of epinephrine (15 ng/kg/min) upon glucose-induced insulin secretion was partially reversed by sodium salicylate, an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, which increased but not normalized, either the acute insulin response and the glucose disappearance rates.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with hyperinsulinism

5) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3908178 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0.14

This study seems to indicate that hyperproduction of endogenous opioid peptides in obesity increases insulin secretion stimulated by food intake, whereas it does not appreciably affect insulin production stimulated by circulating glucose or aminoacids.

Positive_regulation (increases) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with obesity and endogenous opioid

6) Confidence 0.69 Published 1989 Journal Int J Obes Section Abstract Doc Link 2529225 Disease Relevance 0.50 Pain Relevance 0.46

To evaluate the hypothesis that an increased sensitivity to these endogenous substances may play a role in defective insulin secretion in diabetes, we evaluated the effects of three blocking drugs upon the impaired insulin response to glucose in Type II diabetic subjects, as well as glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal humans.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with diabetes mellitus

7) Confidence 0.69 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3936737 Disease Relevance 0.69 Pain Relevance 0.21

Interactions between naloxone, phentolamine and lysine acetylsalicylate upon glucose induced insulin release.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (release) of insulin associated with narcan

8) Confidence 0.69 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Title Doc Link 3936737 Disease Relevance 0.68 Pain Relevance 0.23

In diabetics, acute insulin responses to glucose were significantly increased by all the agents tested (naloxone, phentolamine and lysine acetylsalicylate), but only the cyclooxygenase inhibitor significantly augmented second phase insulin secretion and glucose disappearance rates.

Positive_regulation (augmented) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with diabetes mellitus and narcan

9) Confidence 0.69 Published 1985 Journal Diabete Metab Section Abstract Doc Link 3936737 Disease Relevance 0.70 Pain Relevance 0.20

Acute insulin response to glucose (mean change 3-10 min insulin), second phase insulin secretion (change 10-60 min), as well as glucose disappearance rates (%/min) were significantly increased in the diabetics receiving the two higher doses of naloxone (2 and 4 mg, respectively).

Positive_regulation (increased) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with diabetes mellitus, narcan and hyperinsulinism

10) Confidence 0.69 Published 1982 Journal Diabetes Section Abstract Doc Link 6295856 Disease Relevance 0.53 Pain Relevance 0.46

Approved by the FDA in 2005 as an adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes, exenatide given as twice-daily injections enhances insulin release in response to elevated blood glucose levels, inhibits glucagon secretion after meals, slows the rate of gastric emptying (which reduces nutrient absorption into the bloodstream), and increases satiety thereby promoting reduced food intake [54].

Positive_regulation (enhances) of Localization (release) of insulin in blood associated with diabetes mellitus

11) Confidence 0.69 Published 2008 Journal Osteopath Med Prim Care Section Body Doc Link PMC2276216 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0

Under these conditions, glucose stimulated insulin release.

Positive_regulation (stimulated) of Localization (release) of insulin

12) Confidence 0.69 Published 1998 Journal Diabetes Section Abstract Doc Link 9588447 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.11

Again, with no possibility of further action on the K(ATP) channel, glucose stimulated insulin release.

Positive_regulation (stimulated) of Localization (release) of insulin

13) Confidence 0.69 Published 1998 Journal Diabetes Section Abstract Doc Link 9588447 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.14

The results reveal that harmane, pinoline, and norharmane cause a dose- and glucose-dependent increase in insulin secretion but show that this response differs in a number of ways from that elicited by the well-characterized I(3)-agonist, efaroxan.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with agonist

14) Confidence 0.69 Published 2003 Journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 15028583 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.13

On the contrary, 0.2 mg/kg (i.e. 12-14 mg per subject as total amount) given to 3 women and 6 men led to a glucose-induced insulin release significantly lower than that recorded in basal conditions, with corresponding greater plasma glucose elevation.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Localization (release) of insulin in plasma

15) Confidence 0.69 Published 1985 Journal Acta Diabetol Lat Section Abstract Doc Link 3890450 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.64

Evidence has been presented that an endogenous I(3) ligand may exist, because extracts of brain contain an active principle that stimulates insulin secretion in a manner consistent with the involvement of I(3) sites.

Positive_regulation (stimulates) of Localization (secretion) of insulin in brain

16) Confidence 0.69 Published 2003 Journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 15028583 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.09

Quinine is known to cause deterioration in patients with myasthenia gravis and erythema multiforme, to stimulate insulin release in patients receiving treatment for falicparum malaria, and to be responsible at times for ataxia following moderate overdosage.

Positive_regulation (stimulate) of Localization (release) of insulin associated with malaria, ataxia, myasthenia gravis and bullous skin disease

17) Confidence 0.69 Published 1986 Journal Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev Section Abstract Doc Link 3548270 Disease Relevance 2.08 Pain Relevance 0.17

High carbohydrate diets, by increasing the insulin secretion, may worsen insulin resistance in diabetic patients and increase the inflammatory and prothrombotic tendencies in this patient population.

Positive_regulation (increasing) of Localization (secretion) of insulin associated with inflammation, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance

18) Confidence 0.69 Published 2005 Journal Nutr Metab (Lond) Section Body Doc Link PMC1188071 Disease Relevance 1.58 Pain Relevance 0.21

Parasympathetic cholinergic influence was studied using 500 mumol/l carbamylcholine, which increased insulin secretion.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Localization (secretion) of insulin in Parasympathetic associated with hyperinsulinism

19) Confidence 0.68 Published 1998 Journal Diabetes Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 9690052 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.13

We found that IPC insulin release increased markedly following a step increase of glucose from 2.8 to 25 mM (see Figure 4Q).

Positive_regulation (increased) of Localization (release) of IPC insulin

20) Confidence 0.68 Published 2005 Journal PLoS Medicine Section Body Doc Link PMC1087208 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

General Comments

This test has worked.