INT132521
From wiki-pain
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Sentences Mentioned In
Key: | Protein | Mutation | Event | Anatomy | Negation | Speculation | Pain term | Disease term |
Genetic alterations such as the p16(INK4a) deletion, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), RAS, and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) may be indicative of a predisposition to melanoma development. | |||||||||||||||
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Mutations of BRAF were shown to be absent in UMs [95, 99]. | |||||||||||||||
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Since elevated activation of the RAS signaling pathway, including overexpression of HER-2/neu and mutations of RAS and BRAF, is common in human ovarian carcinoma, we examined the cellular effect of oncogenic RAS on the expression status of OPCML in a genetically defined human ovarian cancer model. | |||||||||||||||
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Likewise, in our cohort of 14 congenital nevi, we also detected four with BRAF mutations, all heterozygous V600E. | |||||||||||||||
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Loss of heterozygosity, BRAF and KRAS mutations and microsatellite instability analysis | |||||||||||||||
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Other molecular alterations such as KRAS and BRAF mutations do not seem to be associated with PPARG methylation, while a correlation with the microsatellite instability status was found (Figure S1) [10]. | |||||||||||||||
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Since this initial report, Xing has shown that the BRAF activating mutation is the most common genetic alteration in thyroid cancer (Xing 2005), occurring in 18% to 87% of thyroid cancers (Trovisco et al 2006); importantly, the BRAFV600E mutation occurs in nearly 45% of sporadic cases of PTC (Xing 2005) and 24% of cases of anaplastic carcinoma (Salvatore et al 2006). | |||||||||||||||
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In sporadic MSI cases of colon cancer this mutation is found in proximal colon tumors with MLH1 methylation (80% of cases), while in tumors from hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) cases with MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 germline mutations, no BRAF mutations are detected. | |||||||||||||||
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They also showed that 90% of serrated polyps that showed dysplasia had mutations in BRAF or k-ras and that these acquired mutations were mutually exclusive, i.e. either BRAF or k-ras was present. | |||||||||||||||
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Recent publications have shown that the KRAS and BRAF mutation status of colon cancer cells influence the expression rates of multiple proliferative as well as apoptotic signaling intermediates (Kikuchi et al, Cancer Res 2009, Oliveira et al, Oncogene 2003, Seruca et al, 2009), including HIF1? | |||||||||||||||
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Genetic alterations such as the p16(INK4a) deletion, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), RAS, and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) may be indicative of a predisposition to melanoma development. | |||||||||||||||
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DROSHA, ITGB4, IGF1R, MT1X, MT1E, BRAF) was likewise affected by Par-4 overexpression in HT29 cells (Figure 2A; see Additional file 2 for gene symbols and their corresponding gene names).
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Melanomas collected from 123 Australian patients were analyzed for melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants and mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes. | |||||||||||||||
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Reduced levels of c-Myc and phosphorylated c-Raf protein suggest the disruption of Ras-dependent signaling by HPGGT. | |||||||||||||||
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Components of these pathways include genes such as Ras, B-Raf, PI3K, PTEN and Akt that can be mutated or aberrantly expressed in human cancer. | |||||||||||||||
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