INT1562

Context Info Confidence 0.81 First Reported 1978 Last Reported 2011 Negated 3 Speculated 16 Reported most in Abstract Documents 499 Total Number 516 Disease Relevance 126.74 Pain Relevance 236.68

extracellular space (Crh) extracellular region (Crh) response to stress (Crh) cytoplasm (Crh)

Anatomy Link Frequency hypothalamus 53 pituitary 29 neurons 21 nucleus 14 median eminence 11 Crh (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Opioid 875 100.00 cytokine 656 100.00 substance P 500 100.00 narcan 454 100.00 Enkephalin 387 100.00 Nerve growth factor 354 100.00 Serotonin 349 100.00 Neuropeptide 318 100.00 Central nervous system 298 100.00 Endogenous opioid 210 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Stress 2484 100.00 Cancer 292 100.00 INFLAMMATION 1807 99.92 Anxiety Disorder 87 99.88 Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Irritable Bowel Syndrome Super 1006 99.84 Depression 228 99.84 Targeted Disruption 224 99.84 Inflammatory Pain 65 99.80 Hyperalgesia 297 99.76 Hypoglycemia 69 99.70

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

To reveal secretory, activational and transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus of morphine-dependent rats during naloxone precipitated opioid withdrawal, we measured corticosterone secretion, c-Fos induction and heteronuclear (hn)RNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in naïve and morphine dependent animals injected with saline or 5 mg/kg naloxone.

Localization (secretion) of corticotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus associated with narcan, withdrawal, opioid and morphine

1) Confidence 0.81 Published 2007 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 17286593 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 1.05

There is evidence that suggests that increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala underlies the anxiogenic and stress-like consequences of withdrawal that are common in phenomenology to all drugs of abuse.

Localization (release) of CRH in amygdala associated with stress, withdrawal and amygdala

2) Confidence 0.81 Published 2003 Journal Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 12782395 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.39

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected peripherally or released in response to stressful challenges to the organism reduces gastric tone and contractility, in part by vagal pathways.

Localization (released) of CRF

3) Confidence 0.80 Published 2007 Journal J. Neurophysiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 17314242 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.03

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected peripherally or released in response to stressful challenges to the organism reduces gastric tone and contractility, in part by vagal pathways.

Localization (released) of Corticotropin-releasing factor

4) Confidence 0.80 Published 2007 Journal J. Neurophysiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 17314242 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.03

We have previously shown that procaine and lidocaine stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by explanted rat hypothalami.

Localization (secretion) of CRH associated with lidocaine

5) Confidence 0.80 Published 1990 Journal Horm. Metab. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 1968416 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.37

Because a prominent effect of the local anesthetics is to decrease neuronal firing by blocking sodium conductance, we were surprised by the capacity of these agents to cause CRH secretion and pituitary-adrenal activation and wished to further elucidate the possible mechanism(s) of these effects.

Localization (secretion) of CRH in pituitary associated with local anesthetic

6) Confidence 0.80 Published 1990 Journal Horm. Metab. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 1968416 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.89

We have previously shown that procaine and lidocaine stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by explanted rat hypothalami.

Localization (secretion) of corticotropin-releasing hormone associated with lidocaine

7) Confidence 0.80 Published 1990 Journal Horm. Metab. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 1968416 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.37

To accomplish this, we first explored the effect of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on basal and stimulated immunoreactive CRH (iCRH) secretion by explanted rat hypothalami.

Localization (secretion) of CRH associated with tetrodotoxin and sodium channel

8) Confidence 0.80 Published 1990 Journal Horm. Metab. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 1968416 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 1.08

Corticotropin-releasing factor release from the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat as measured by microdialysis.

Localization (release) of Corticotropin-releasing factor in hypothalamus associated with anesthesia

9) Confidence 0.80 Published 1993 Journal Neuroscience Section Title Doc Link 8413932 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.10

Also we observed a high degree of co-localization of CRH R1 and CRH R2 receptors on circulating and resident immune cells.

Localization (co-localization) of CRH in immune cells

10) Confidence 0.80 Published 2003 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 14659512 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.94

In painful inflammation, exogenous as well as endogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) can release opioid peptides (mainly beta-endorphin) from various types of immune cells and produce antinociception by activating opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve endings.

Localization (release) of CRH in sensory nerve associated with antinociception, pain, inflammation, opioid receptor and opioid

11) Confidence 0.80 Published 2003 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 14659512 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.61

Also we observed a high degree of co-localization of CRH R1 and CRH R2 receptors on circulating and resident immune cells.

Localization (co-localization) of CRH in immune cells

12) Confidence 0.80 Published 2003 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 14659512 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.94

In painful inflammation, exogenous as well as endogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) can release opioid peptides (mainly beta-endorphin) from various types of immune cells and produce antinociception by activating opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve endings.

Localization (release) of endogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone in sensory nerve associated with antinociception, pain, inflammation, opioid receptor and opioid

13) Confidence 0.80 Published 2003 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 14659512 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.61

Inhibition of corticotrophin releasing factor secretion in the pentobarbitone-morphine-treated rat.

Localization (secretion) of corticotrophin releasing factor associated with morphine

14) Confidence 0.80 Published 1984 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Title Doc Link 6325216 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.47

In early-life psychological stress such as maternal separation, chronic pain occurs later in life due to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and significant increase in corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) secretion.

Localization (secretion) of corticotrophin releasing factor in pituitary associated with stress and lasting pain

15) Confidence 0.80 Published 2009 Journal Handb Exp Pharmacol Section Abstract Doc Link 19655104 Disease Relevance 1.54 Pain Relevance 1.06

In early-life psychological stress such as maternal separation, chronic pain occurs later in life due to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and significant increase in corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) secretion.

Localization (secretion) of CRF in pituitary associated with stress and lasting pain

16) Confidence 0.80 Published 2009 Journal Handb Exp Pharmacol Section Abstract Doc Link 19655104 Disease Relevance 1.53 Pain Relevance 1.05

The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) is shown to be released during stress suggesting that CRF has a physiological role in the mediation of central nervous system (CNS) response to stress, including an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying.

Localization (released) of CRF in central nervous system associated with stress and central nervous system

17) Confidence 0.80 Published 1997 Journal Regul. Pept. Section Abstract Doc Link 9226394 Disease Relevance 0.27 Pain Relevance 0.10

The diurnal response to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF-41), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was studied in rats in which the endogenous release of CRF was blocked by chlorpromazine, morphine sulfate, and pentobarbital sodium.

Localization (release) of CRF associated with morphine

18) Confidence 0.80 Published 1988 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2844097 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.10

Activation of the HPA axis in vivo depends on the secretion of CRH, an intact pituitary and the ventral adrenergic bundle innervating the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Localization (secretion) of CRH in ventral

19) Confidence 0.80 Published 1996 Journal J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9116324 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0.08

The influence of beta-endorphin on the secretion of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) by isolated rat hypothalami in vitro was studied. beta-Endorphin (10(-11)-10(-10) M) caused dose-related increases in the CRF contents of the hypothalami and of the medium in which they were incubated.

Localization (secretion) of CRF

20) Confidence 0.80 Published 1986 Journal Neuroendocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2936971 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.21

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