INT1579

Context Info Confidence 0.78 First Reported 1975 Last Reported 2010 Negated 3 Speculated 7 Reported most in Abstract Documents 279 Total Number 286 Disease Relevance 119.20 Pain Relevance 55.41

cell proliferation (PRL) cytosol (PRL) extracellular region (PRL)

Anatomy Link Frequency pituitary 34 plasma 29 blood 6 follicle 5 uterus 5 PRL (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat anesthesia 81 100.00 substance P 54 100.00 Clonidine 36 100.00 Cholecystokinin 6 100.00 Opioid 107 99.98 Somatostatin 217 99.96 Serotonin 1067 99.82 Dopamine 2463 99.80 sSRI 576 99.80 depression 571 99.80

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Adenoma 971 100.00 Premature Birth 42 100.00 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 512 99.98 Pituitary Cancer 609 99.96 Colorectal Cancer 190 99.96 Depression 783 99.80 Disease 620 99.80 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 298 99.76 Prolactinoma 279 99.76 Hepatitis 16 99.70

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Men with PRL-producing macroadenomas often present with hypogonadism and impotence.

Gene_expression (producing) of PRL associated with reprotox - general 2 and reprotox - general 1

1) Confidence 0.78 Published 1987 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 3793856 Disease Relevance 0.68 Pain Relevance 0.25

The aim of the present study was to assess levels of BB PRL, B PRL, little PRL (L PRL) and G PRL in hyperprolactinemic patients with no menstrual alterations or galactorrhea.

Gene_expression (levels) of PRL associated with galactorrhea

2) Confidence 0.78 Published 2002 Journal Pituitary Section Abstract Doc Link 14558674 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0.10

The aim of the present study was to assess levels of BB PRL, B PRL, little PRL (L PRL) and G PRL in hyperprolactinemic patients with no menstrual alterations or galactorrhea.

Gene_expression (levels) of PRL associated with galactorrhea

3) Confidence 0.78 Published 2002 Journal Pituitary Section Abstract Doc Link 14558674 Disease Relevance 0.38 Pain Relevance 0.09

We present a unique case of a prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary adenoma showing incomplete neuronal differentiation without ganglion cells.

Gene_expression (producing) of prolactin in pituitary associated with ganglion cysts and pituitary cancer

4) Confidence 0.78 Published 2004 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15173951 Disease Relevance 0.81 Pain Relevance 0.09

We present a unique case of a prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary adenoma showing incomplete neuronal differentiation without ganglion cells.

Gene_expression (producing) of PRL in pituitary associated with ganglion cysts and pituitary cancer

5) Confidence 0.78 Published 2004 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15173951 Disease Relevance 0.81 Pain Relevance 0.09

Prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma with incomplete neuronal transformation: an intermediate adenoma-neuronal tumor.

Gene_expression (producing) of Prolactin in pituitary associated with adenoma, cancer and pituitary cancer

6) Confidence 0.78 Published 2004 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Title Doc Link 15173951 Disease Relevance 1.13 Pain Relevance 0.09

Our case is the first PRL-producing pituitary adenoma showing incomplete neuronal differentiation lacking mature ganglion cells.

Gene_expression (producing) of PRL in neuronal associated with ganglion cysts and pituitary cancer

7) Confidence 0.78 Published 2004 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15173951 Disease Relevance 1.37 Pain Relevance 0.06

Because glycosylation is a posttranslational step in the processing of PRL, our studies suggest that the acute release of PRL in response to physiological and pharmacological secretagogues may reflect the output of more recently synthesized PRL from the pituitary.

Gene_expression (synthesized) of PRL in pituitary

8) Confidence 0.78 Published 1990 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 2118537 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0.21

Most of the above mentioned medications lead to an increase in prolactin plasma concentration through an influence on prolactin secretion control, primarily removing inhibitor pathways or directly stimulating prolactin production by the lactotroph cells.

Gene_expression (production) of prolactin in lactotroph

9) Confidence 0.78 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.64 Pain Relevance 0.47

The dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin secretion occurs through the binding of D2 receptors on the membrane of lactotroph cells and involves several signal transduction systems, resulting in inhibition of prolactin gene transcription, reduction of prolactin synthesis and release.

Gene_expression (synthesis) of prolactin in lactotroph associated with dopamine

10) Confidence 0.78 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.30

Histamine-induced prolactin production is mediated by dopaminergic as well as serotoninergic neurons, but other PRFs (eg, beta-endorphin, VIP, vasopressin or TRH) may be involved (Knigge 1990).

Gene_expression (production) of prolactin in neurons

11) Confidence 0.78 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.25

TRH physiologic role is unresolved, but it is thought to stimulate both prolactin gene expression (via protein kinase C pathway) and prolactin release from anterior pituitary.

Gene_expression (expression) of prolactin in anterior pituitary associated with kinase c

12) Confidence 0.78 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.50

However, Schlienger et al showed that basal plasma levels of prolactin and delta prolactin response to TRH were increased in women on clomipramine but remained normal under maprotiline, in agreement with the different pharmacologic effect of these two classes of drugs, tricyclics mainly inhibiting serotonin, while tetracyclics rather norepinephrine recaptation (Schlienger et al 1980).

Gene_expression (levels) of prolactin in plasma associated with serotonin

13) Confidence 0.78 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.14

Prolactin is produced in vitro by decidualized human endometrium and is secreted in vivo into the uterine luminal fluid of cynomolgus monkeys.

Gene_expression (produced) of Prolactin in uterine

14) Confidence 0.78 Published 1988 Journal Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Section Abstract Doc Link 3407703 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.07

Uterine luminal fluid prolactin was detectable in all samples.

Gene_expression (detectable) of prolactin in Uterine

15) Confidence 0.78 Published 1988 Journal Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Section Abstract Doc Link 3407703 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.08

This study establishes that (1) frequent uterine luminal fluid sampling is possible; (2) uterine luminal fluid volume decreases in the luteal phase; (3) uterine luminal fluid prolactin is detectable in vivo in women and its concentration increases in the luteal phase; and (4) cyclic human uterine luminal fluid prolactin levels differ from those in cynomolgus monkeys and from those anticipated from human in vitro studies.

Gene_expression (detectable) of prolactin in uterine

16) Confidence 0.78 Published 1988 Journal Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Section Abstract Doc Link 3407703 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.07

High-PRL sera and purified human PRL produced prompt increases in the frequency and the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions of the rat uterus.

Gene_expression (produced) of PRL in uterus

17) Confidence 0.78 Published 1981 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 7263848 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.09

Gjonnaess in his study of long term follow up showed no difference between baseline PRL levels and PRL levels after 3 months or later after LOD [30].

Gene_expression (levels) of PRL

18) Confidence 0.77 Published 2005 Journal Reprod Biol Endocrinol Section Body Doc Link PMC1188073 Disease Relevance 0.50 Pain Relevance 0.19

Eldib et al in their unpublished study on 20 women with PCOS showed that LOD was associated with increased PRL levels by 7 folds two weeks after operation.

Gene_expression (levels) of PRL associated with polycystic ovary syndrome

19) Confidence 0.77 Published 2005 Journal Reprod Biol Endocrinol Section Body Doc Link PMC1188073 Disease Relevance 0.77 Pain Relevance 0.05

Hyperprolactinemia also has been found in the patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, because prolactin can be produced from human activated lymphocytes.

Gene_expression (produced) of prolactin in lymphocytes associated with galactorrhea and systemic lupus erythematosus

20) Confidence 0.77 Published 1997 Journal Rinsho Shinkeigaku Section Abstract Doc Link 9366174 Disease Relevance 1.92 Pain Relevance 0.48

General Comments

This test has worked.