INT17618

Context Info Confidence 0.66 First Reported 1982 Last Reported 2011 Negated 0 Speculated 2 Reported most in Body Documents 36 Total Number 39 Disease Relevance 16.39 Pain Relevance 6.68

extracellular region (B2M) plasma membrane (B2M)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 2 articular cartilage 2 connective tissues 2 erythrocyte 1 bone marrow 1 B2M (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Analgesic 25 99.90 Osteoarthritis 202 99.84 Pain 30 99.12 Paracetamol 12 98.98 spinal inflammation 2 97.20 methadone 1 97.16 Angina 1 94.08 carpal tunnel syndrome 19 93.00 cINOD 10 92.48 anesthesia 3 81.28

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Amyloidosis 14 100.00 Cyst 4 100.00 Amyloid Plaque 1 100.00 Osteoarthritis 227 99.84 Balkan Nephropathy 6 99.32 Renal Disease 41 99.28 Neurodegenerative Disease 1 99.28 Skin Cancer 10 97.96 Disease 147 97.92 Low Back Pain 2 97.20

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

[Dynamic change of beta 2-microglobulin in hemodialysis].

Gene_expression (change) of beta 2-microglobulin

1) Confidence 0.66 Published 1996 Journal Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi Section Title Doc Link 9387629 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.07

Analysis of the sample groups together identified reduced expression stability (0.59) of the two optimal reference genes (TBP and B2M).

Gene_expression (expression) of B2M

2) Confidence 0.66 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.38 Pain Relevance 0.19

However, recent studies have shown that the expression stability of some of the commonly used reference genes, such as B2M, GAPDH and ACTB is not constant for all tissues or disease states [10,11].

Gene_expression (expression) of B2M associated with disease

3) Confidence 0.66 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0

Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in patients chronically dialyzed with CA-210 versus CT-190 dialysis membranes.

Gene_expression (levels) of 2-microglobulin

4) Confidence 0.59 Published 1998 Journal Am. J. Nephrol. Section Title Doc Link 9481434 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0.09

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) were selected as normaliser genes from the initial microarray filter gene expression data.

Gene_expression (selected) of beta-2-microglobulin

5) Confidence 0.58 Published 2011 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC3017541 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.15

Mean fractional excretion of beta 2-microglobulin was higher (8.61 +/- 1.76 SEM) in patients with analgesic nephropathy than in those with glomerulonephritis (1.13 +/- 0.76) (P less than 0.025).

Gene_expression (excretion) of 2-microglobulin associated with analgesic and renal disease

6) Confidence 0.57 Published 1982 Journal Clin. Nephrol. Section Abstract Doc Link 6183039 Disease Relevance 1.23 Pain Relevance 0.59

Beta 2-microglobulin excretion and urinary cytology in analgesic nephropathy.

Gene_expression (excretion) of 2-microglobulin associated with analgesic and renal disease

7) Confidence 0.57 Published 1982 Journal Clin. Nephrol. Section Title Doc Link 6183039 Disease Relevance 1.17 Pain Relevance 0.73

Nevertheless, reduction of the plasma beta 2-microglobulin was greater during push/pull HDF than during HD.

Gene_expression (reduction) of plasma beta 2-microglobulin in plasma

8) Confidence 0.57 Published 1990 Journal Artif Organs Section Abstract Doc Link 2241598 Disease Relevance 0.31 Pain Relevance 0.31

[Rheumatologic and radiologic symptoms of dialysis-associated beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis: long-term retrospective study of 175 chronic hemodialysis patients].

Gene_expression (amyloidosis) of 2-microglobulin associated with amyloidosis

9) Confidence 0.57 Published 1991 Journal Z Rheumatol Section Title Doc Link 1927061 Disease Relevance 1.47 Pain Relevance 0.48

The geNorm algorithm is employed to investigate the expression stability of 9 commonly used reference genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], beta-actin [ACTB], beta-2-microglobulin [B2M] hydroxymethylbilane synthase [HMBS], hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase [HPRT], ribosomal protein L13a [RPL13A], succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A [SDHA], TATA box binding protein [TBP] and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide [YWHAZ]) [11] in normal and diseased canine connective tissues.

Gene_expression (expression) of beta-2-microglobulin in connective tissues

10) Confidence 0.51 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.67 Pain Relevance 0.22

Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression stability of common reference genes (ACTB, Beta actin; GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; B2M, Beta-2-microglobulin; HPRT1, Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase I; SDHA, Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A; YWHAZ, Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide) under the influence of glucosamine, curcumin and diacerein in the IL-1?

Spec (determine) Gene_expression (expression) of Beta-2-microglobulin

11) Confidence 0.50 Published 2007 Journal BMC Mol Biol Section Abstract Doc Link PMC1820791 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.04

To our knowledge, only one of the reference genes (B2M) we evaluated to be consistently expressed has been reported as being differentially expressed in OA articular cartilage [30].

Gene_expression (expressed) of B2M in articular cartilage associated with osteoarthritis

12) Confidence 0.50 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.10

To our knowledge, only one of the reference genes (B2M) we evaluated to be consistently expressed has been reported as being differentially expressed in OA articular cartilage [30].

Gene_expression (expressed) of B2M in articular cartilage associated with osteoarthritis

13) Confidence 0.50 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.10

The geNorm algorithm is employed to investigate the expression stability of 9 commonly used reference genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], beta-actin [ACTB], beta-2-microglobulin [B2M] hydroxymethylbilane synthase [HMBS], hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase [HPRT], ribosomal protein L13a [RPL13A], succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A [SDHA], TATA box binding protein [TBP] and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide [YWHAZ]) [11] in normal and diseased canine connective tissues.

Gene_expression (expression) of B2M in connective tissues

14) Confidence 0.44 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.67 Pain Relevance 0.22

The CT results demonstrated a notable decrease in gene expression for B2M and YWHAZ from the OA sample group (Figure 2).

Gene_expression (expression) of B2M associated with osteoarthritis

15) Confidence 0.44 Published 2007 Journal BMC Vet Res Section Body Doc Link PMC1884148 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0.18

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) were selected as normaliser genes from the initial microarray filter gene expression data.

Gene_expression (selected) of B2M

16) Confidence 0.44 Published 2011 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC3017541 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.15

Finally, our gene set contains markers for a range of different cell differentiation fates, including embryonic development (AMD1, SERPINH1), vasculogenesis (S100A4), hematopoesis (B2M, IGFBP6, IKZF5), neurogenesis (BASP1, SERPINH1), and even osteoclastogenesis (CTSB, CTSD, CTSK); it is possible that these genes are downregulated in response to our osteogenic stimulus.

Gene_expression (hematopoesis) of B2M associated with neurodegenerative disease

17) Confidence 0.35 Published 2008 Journal BMC Syst Biol Section Body Doc Link PMC2527292 Disease Relevance 0.33 Pain Relevance 0

[Compensatory changes in beta 2-microglobulin handling in the remnant tubules after contralateral nephrectomy.

Gene_expression (handling) of beta 2-microglobulin in tubules

18) Confidence 0.34 Published 1985 Journal Hinyokika Kiyo Section Title Doc Link 3911767 Disease Relevance 0.47 Pain Relevance 0

In contrast, for curcumin and diacerein-treated samples, HPRT1, GAPDH and B2M provided the most stable expression levels with SDHA ranking the 6th and 5th positions, respectively.

Gene_expression (expression) of B2M

19) Confidence 0.22 Published 2007 Journal BMC Mol Biol Section Body Doc Link PMC1820791 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression stability of common reference genes (ACTB, Beta actin; GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; B2M, Beta-2-microglobulin; HPRT1, Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase I; SDHA, Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A; YWHAZ, Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide) under the influence of glucosamine, curcumin and diacerein in the IL-1?

Spec (determine) Gene_expression (expression) of B2M

20) Confidence 0.22 Published 2007 Journal BMC Mol Biol Section Abstract Doc Link PMC1820791 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.04

General Comments

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