INT19

Context Info Confidence 0.62 First Reported 1975 Last Reported 2010 Negated 20 Speculated 11 Reported most in Abstract Documents 131 Total Number 142 Disease Relevance 36.40 Pain Relevance 55.66

plasma membrane (Gnrhr) signal transducer activity (Gnrhr)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 18 thyroid 8 pituitary 7 blood 5 hypothalamus 3 Gnrhr (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Clonidine 225 100.00 narcan 100 100.00 Morphine 87 100.00 agonist 65 100.00 Somatostatin 56 100.00 opiate 31 100.00 Enkephalin 26 100.00 Catecholamine 25 100.00 methadone 24 100.00 anesthesia 22 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Depression 51 100.00 Disease 17 100.00 Lordosis 12 100.00 Injury 9 100.00 Shock 6 100.00 Immunization 3 100.00 Insulin Resistance 2 100.00 Obesity 35 99.84 Reprotox - General 1 7 99.82 Acromegaly 7 99.80

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

However, short-term lithium treatment restores clonidine's effect on growth hormone levels in the Fawn-Hooded rats.

Regulation (effect) of growth hormone associated with clonidine

1) Confidence 0.62 Published 1994 Journal Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. Section Abstract Doc Link 8029274 Disease Relevance 0.27 Pain Relevance 0.48

Growth hormone dysregulation in children with major depressive disorder.

Regulation (dysregulation) of Growth hormone associated with depression

2) Confidence 0.60 Published 1990 Journal J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Section Title Doc Link 2157699 Disease Relevance 0.55 Pain Relevance 0.26

As these doses of clonidine and apomorphine have previously been reported to cause similar growth hormone responses in normal subjects, these findings support the hypothesis of a defect in the adrenergic but not the dopaminergic regulation of growth hormone in patients with endogenous depression.

Regulation (regulation) of growth hormone associated with depression and clonidine

3) Confidence 0.58 Published 1984 Journal Br J Psychiatry Section Abstract Doc Link 6743929 Disease Relevance 0.26 Pain Relevance 0.47

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and isoproterenol, catecholamines which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, failed to affect plasma growth hormone concentration when administered intravenously.

Neg (failed) Regulation (affect) of plasma growth hormone in plasma associated with dopamine and catecholamine

4) Confidence 0.55 Published 1976 Journal Neuroscience Section Abstract Doc Link 11370235 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.34

The effect of electroacupuncture on serum growth hormone levels was investigated in 5 normal subjects and in 10 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Regulation (effect) of serum growth hormone associated with pain and electroacupuncture

5) Confidence 0.52 Published 1983 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 6835019 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0.59

In this study we investigated the mechanisms of this opioid effect and examined the effects of other neurotransmitter substances on modulation of pituitary GnRH-R.

Spec (examined) Regulation (modulation) of GnRH-R in pituitary associated with neurotransmitter and opioid

6) Confidence 0.45 Published 1985 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2857637 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.87

Placement of radiofrequency lesions in the mediobasal hypothalamus or pretreatment with anti-GnRH serum completely abolished the ability of both morphine and naloxone to modulate the number of GnRH-R.

Regulation (modulate) of GnRH-R in hypothalamus associated with narcan and morphine

7) Confidence 0.45 Published 1985 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2857637 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.96

Pretreatment with the noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP4, did not block clonidine's effect on growth hormone levels.

Regulation (effect) of growth hormone associated with clonidine

8) Confidence 0.45 Published 1992 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 1356149 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 1.29

Pretreatment with the alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists, yohimbine and 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine, completely blocked clonidine's effect on growth hormone levels.

Regulation (effect) of growth hormone associated with antagonist and clonidine

9) Confidence 0.45 Published 1992 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 1356149 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.79

Effect of prolonged clonidine administration on growth hormone concentrations and rate of linear growth in children with constitutional growth delay.

Regulation (Effect) of growth hormone associated with clonidine

10) Confidence 0.44 Published 1986 Journal J. Pediatr. Section Title Doc Link 3095519 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.34

Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment on ovarian steroid production during midpregnancy.

Regulation (Effects) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

11) Confidence 0.43 Published 1986 Journal Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. Section Title Doc Link 3515349 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.11

Compared with control group, hypothalamic GnRH mRNA, ovary GnRH mRNA, pituitary GnRH-R mRNA and uterus ER mRNA expressions in model group were up-regulated significantly, while uterus PR mRNA was down-regulated markedly in model group (P<0.05).

Regulation (regulated) of GnRH-R in uterus

12) Confidence 0.41 Published 2009 Journal Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Section Body Doc Link 19526799 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Effects of the synthesized growth hormone releasing peptide, KP-102, on growth hormone release in sodium glutamate monohydrate-treated low growth rats.

Regulation (Effects) of growth hormone associated with glutamate

13) Confidence 0.41 Published 1996 Journal Life Sci. Section Title Doc Link 8761023 Disease Relevance 0.13 Pain Relevance 0.30

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of synthetic growth hormone on healing process of reversible injured spinal cord.

Spec (determine) Regulation (effect) of growth hormone in spinal cord associated with spinal cord injury and spinal cord

14) Confidence 0.39 Published 1994 Journal J Neurosurg Sci Section Abstract Doc Link 7965141 Disease Relevance 0.25 Pain Relevance 0.17

Down-regulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors involved in growth hormone control in the hypothalamus of infant rats receiving short-term clonidine administration.

Regulation (control) of growth hormone in hypothalamus associated with clonidine

15) Confidence 0.39 Published 1990 Journal Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. Section Title Doc Link 2162745 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.79

Several neuroendocrine studies with the clonidine-growth hormone stimulation test show endogenous depressive patients to have a reduced GH response as compared to neurotic depressives, schizophrenics and controls.

Regulation (response) of clonidine-growth hormone associated with depression, neurosis and clonidine

16) Confidence 0.38 Published 1986 Journal Psychopathology Section Abstract Doc Link 3033728 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.27

The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks on growth hormone secretion and growth hormone responses to clonidine in the intact rat.

Regulation (effect) of growth hormone associated with shock and clonidine

17) Confidence 0.37 Published 1982 Journal Psychopharmacology (Berl.) Section Title Doc Link 6805018 Disease Relevance 0.56 Pain Relevance 0.23

Effect of the combined administration of galanin and clonidine on serum growth hormone levels in normal subjects and in patients under chronic glucocorticoid treatment.

Regulation (Effect) of growth hormone associated with clonidine

18) Confidence 0.37 Published 1994 Journal Endocr. Res. Section Title Doc Link 7519979 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.38

Cold exposure attenuates effects of secretagogues on serum prolactin and growth hormone levels in male rats.

Regulation (effects) of growth hormone

19) Confidence 0.36 Published 1995 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Section Title Doc Link 7733277 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.77

Growth hormone response to diazepam, clonidine and glucagon in patients with epilepsy.

Regulation (response) of Growth hormone associated with epilepsy and clonidine

20) Confidence 0.36 Published 1989 Journal Epilepsy Res. Section Title Doc Link 2492934 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0.24

General Comments

This test has worked.