INT1931

Context Info Confidence 0.70 First Reported 1979 Last Reported 2010 Negated 10 Speculated 4 Reported most in Abstract Documents 116 Total Number 124 Disease Relevance 37.26 Pain Relevance 38.67

small molecule metabolic process (POMC) cell-cell signaling (POMC) cytoplasm (POMC) extracellular space (POMC) generation of precursor metabolites and energy (POMC) signal transduction (POMC)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 56 melanocytes 18 pituitary 12 skin 8 blood 6 POMC (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Enkephalin 111 100.00 Opioid 106 100.00 melanocortin 1 receptor 61 100.00 Neuropeptide 53 100.00 narcan 47 100.00 Analgesic 40 100.00 Serotonin 30 100.00 Catecholamine 21 100.00 Neurotransmitter 20 100.00 Morphine 16 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Nociception 27 100.00 Natriuresis 3 100.00 Sprains And Strains 2 100.00 Obesity 63 99.84 Thyroid Neoplasm 27 99.84 Cancer 278 99.78 Hypoxia 6 99.76 Syndrome 134 99.58 Pain 99 99.52 Coronary Artery Disease 14 99.46

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

These findings indicate that increased levels of beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid are not directly associated with patient report of pain relief following periventricular gray stimulation.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (levels) of beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid associated with pain

1) Confidence 0.70 Published 1984 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 6097857 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.37

Recent evidence suggests that sugar can lead to increased beta-endorphin production in obese subjects.

Positive_regulation (lead) of Gene_expression (production) of beta-endorphin associated with obesity

2) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Brain Res. Bull. Section Abstract Doc Link 3161588 Disease Relevance 0.76 Pain Relevance 0.66

However, the mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction by ACTH overexpression in Cushing's patients remains elusive.

Positive_regulation (overexpression) of Gene_expression (overexpression) of ACTH

3) Confidence 0.69 Published 2006 Journal Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) Section Abstract Doc Link 16740999 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.13

Blockade of endothelin-1 release contributes to the anti-angiogenic effect by pro-opiomelanocortin overexpression in endothelial cells.

Positive_regulation (overexpression) of Gene_expression (overexpression) of pro-opiomelanocortin in endothelial cells

4) Confidence 0.69 Published 2006 Journal Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) Section Title Doc Link 16740999 Disease Relevance 0.26 Pain Relevance 0.14

TRX suppressed the UVB-induced production and secretion of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocytes; however, TRX upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1-R) expression synergistically with UVB in normal human keratinocytes.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Gene_expression (production) of ACTH in keratinocytes associated with melanocortin 1 receptor

5) Confidence 0.68 Published 2001 Journal J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. Section Abstract Doc Link 11764282 Disease Relevance 0.13 Pain Relevance 0.21

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone stimulates POMC gene expression within the primate brain and that this regulation occurs within a specific subset of POMC neurons residing in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Positive_regulation (stimulates) of Gene_expression (expression) of POMC gene in hypothalamus

6) Confidence 0.67 Published 1991 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2004607 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.07

The IHD patients' blood displayed increased basal levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and met-enkephalins.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (levels) of adrenocorticotropic hormone in blood associated with coronary artery disease and enkephalin

7) Confidence 0.67 Published 1988 Journal Gerontology Section Abstract Doc Link 2838399 Disease Relevance 0.51 Pain Relevance 0.19

Enhanced expression of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) in normal human keratinocytes during differentiation: evidence for increased expression of POMC peptides near suprabasal layer of epidermis.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of POMC in epidermis associated with melanocortin 1 receptor

8) Confidence 0.67 Published 1999 Journal J. Invest. Dermatol. Section Title Doc Link 10383729 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.10

In summary, the attenuated ET-1 release and angiogenic processes by POMC overexpression may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, thereby providing a link between Cushing's syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.

Positive_regulation (overexpression) of Gene_expression (overexpression) of POMC associated with cardiovascular disease and syndrome

9) Confidence 0.67 Published 2006 Journal Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) Section Abstract Doc Link 16740999 Disease Relevance 0.24 Pain Relevance 0.04

Anaesthesia in man with halothane and nitrous oxide was found to be associated with a significant increase in plasma ACTH levels and beta-LPH levels.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Gene_expression (levels) of beta-LPH in plasma associated with halothane

10) Confidence 0.61 Published 1985 Journal Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed Section Abstract Doc Link 2994512 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.30

Sequential cleavage of the precursor protein pre-pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) generates the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) alpha, beta and gamma as well as the opioid-receptor ligand beta-endorphin.

Positive_regulation (generates) of Gene_expression (cleavage) of precursor protein pre-pro-opiomelanocortin in melanocyte associated with opioid

11) Confidence 0.50 Published 1998 Journal Nat. Genet. Section Abstract Doc Link 9620771 Disease Relevance 0.26 Pain Relevance 0.09

EEG spectral analyses performed on data collected before and after drug injection demonstrated that beta-endorphin and morphine produced similar increases in alpha power within 5 to 15 minutes after injection.

Positive_regulation (increases) of Gene_expression (produced) of beta-endorphin associated with morphine

12) Confidence 0.50 Published 1979 Journal Psychiatry Res Section Abstract Doc Link 298341 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.23

These results, therefore, suggest that neuroendocrine modulation of human immune expression may be a peripheral physiological function of Beta-endorphin which is mediated by mechanisms distinct from traditional opiate receptors.

Positive_regulation (mediated) of Gene_expression (expression) of Beta-endorphin associated with opiate

13) Confidence 0.50 Published 1982 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 6292642 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.37

ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome is characterized by ACTH overproduction and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Positive_regulation (overproduction) of Gene_expression (overproduction) of ACTH associated with cardiovascular disease and syndrome

14) Confidence 0.50 Published 2006 Journal Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) Section Abstract Doc Link 16740999 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0.14

Immunohistochemical analysis indicated positive reactivity for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH), and in situ hybridization indicated the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and GH mRNA.

Positive_regulation (indicated) of Gene_expression (expression) of proopiomelanocortin

15) Confidence 0.50 Published 2001 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11699555 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0.18

These data indicate that acute alcohol consumption induces significant alterations in plasma beta-endorphin, but not met-enkephalin levels, which are reversed after 5 weeks of abstinence.

Positive_regulation (induces) of Gene_expression (levels) of met-enkephalin in plasma associated with enkephalin and alcohol

16) Confidence 0.50 Published 1992 Journal Alcohol Alcohol. Section Abstract Doc Link 1335722 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.40

These data indicate that acute alcohol consumption induces significant alterations in plasma beta-endorphin, but not met-enkephalin levels, which are reversed after 5 weeks of abstinence.

Positive_regulation (induces) of Gene_expression (levels) of beta-endorphin in plasma associated with enkephalin and alcohol

17) Confidence 0.50 Published 1992 Journal Alcohol Alcohol. Section Abstract Doc Link 1335722 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.40

These data suggest that met-enkephalin is not markedly overproduced in brains of SIDS victims.

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (overproduced) of Neg (not) Gene_expression (overproduced) of met-enkephalin in brains associated with sudden infant death syndrome and enkephalin

18) Confidence 0.49 Published 1983 Journal Med. Hypotheses Section Abstract Doc Link 6308402 Disease Relevance 0.88 Pain Relevance 0.87

The IHD patients' blood displayed increased basal levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and met-enkephalins.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (levels) of ACTH in blood associated with coronary artery disease and enkephalin

19) Confidence 0.49 Published 1988 Journal Gerontology Section Abstract Doc Link 2838399 Disease Relevance 0.51 Pain Relevance 0.19

Sequential cleavage of the precursor protein pre-pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) generates the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) alpha, beta and gamma as well as the opioid-receptor ligand beta-endorphin.

Positive_regulation (generates) of Gene_expression (cleavage) of POMC in melanocyte associated with opioid

20) Confidence 0.49 Published 1998 Journal Nat. Genet. Section Abstract Doc Link 9620771 Disease Relevance 0.26 Pain Relevance 0.09

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