INT193405

Context Info Confidence 0.53 First Reported 2006 Last Reported 2009 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 14 Total Number 16 Disease Relevance 3.33 Pain Relevance 1.42

Anatomy Link Frequency juvenile 2 medial 2 lateral 1 arm 1 OFC1 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Anterior cingulate cortex 810 99.92 Pain 11 97.76 Anterior cingulate 6 96.88 Hippocampus 59 84.60 depression 56 63.16 Nucleus accumbens 23 10.48 amygdala 29 7.76 imagery 25 5.00 alcohol 16 5.00 isoflurane 8 5.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Aggression 230 99.24 Pain 9 97.76 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 45 94.96 Anxiety Disorder 212 94.84 Stress 11 90.32 Unconsciousness 56 83.60 Depression 72 63.16 Personality Disorder 3 19.56 Cognitive Disorder 53 5.00 Repression 40 5.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

In the present study we show that the medial OFC responds to reward outcomes (as well as following successful avoidance of aversive outcomes), whereas both medial and lateral OFC responds during anticipation of reward.

Gene_expression (responds) of OFC in medial

1) Confidence 0.53 Published 2006 Journal PLoS Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC1484497 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

The main finding of this study is that the medial OFC responds during successful avoidance of aversive outcome as well as during receipt of explicit rewards.

Gene_expression (responds) of OFC in medial

2) Confidence 0.53 Published 2006 Journal PLoS Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC1484497 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.17

Conversely, Cg25 was found to be strongly connected with regions of the DMN such as the OFC.

Gene_expression (regions) of OFC

3) Confidence 0.32 Published 2008 Journal Ann Gen Psychiatry Section Body Doc Link PMC2515304 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.29

There is also a striking similarity in the changes in emotional responsivity following OFC lesions in rats and macaques.

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC

4) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.64 Pain Relevance 0.03

The observation from the present study that OFC lesions do not affect the amount of social behaviour, or the utilization of social information, suggests that the deficit in STFP with OFC lesions is not due to the social context of the experiment.

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC

5) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.52 Pain Relevance 0.09

Bonferroni tests comparing the amount of aggressive behaviour between lesion groups confirmed that OFC lesion animals were significantly more aggressive than both ACC (P < 0.05) and sham lesion animals (P < 0.01).

Gene_expression (aggressive) of OFC associated with aggression and anterior cingulate cortex

6) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.14

To investigate these issues, rats with either ACC or OFC lesions were tested on a number of previously validated ethological, unconditioned tests of social interaction and emotionality (Bannerman et al., 2002b; McHugh et al., 2004).

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC associated with anterior cingulate cortex

7) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.28

Although OFC lesions did not diminish animals' social engagement, they led to a small but significant increase in aggression (Fig. 4), and decreased fear in response to unconditioned stimuli on the hyponeophagia test (Fig. 7).

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC associated with anxiety disorder and aggression

8) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.27 Pain Relevance 0

The observation from the present study that OFC lesions do not affect the amount of social behaviour, or the utilization of social information, suggests that the deficit in STFP with OFC lesions is not due to the social context of the experiment.

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC

9) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.46 Pain Relevance 0.16

Subsequent analysis showed that whereas both the sham (F1,22 = 17.78; P < 0.001) and OFC (F1,17 = 11.22; P < 0.005) lesioned rats showed a significantly higher level of investigation for a novel juvenile compared with that for a familiar juvenile, this was not the case for the ACC lesioned rats (F1,21 < 1; P > 0.20).

Gene_expression (lesioned) of OFC in juvenile associated with anterior cingulate cortex

10) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.13

Control and OFC groups showed less interest when the same juvenile was presented again, either immediately after the first encounter (Fig. 2C) or after delay (Fig. 2A), but they continued to engage in a high rate of socially orientated investigative behaviours when the identity of the juvenile was changed (Fig. 2B).

Gene_expression (groups) of OFC in juvenile

11) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal The European Journal of Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2228395 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0.03

In the present study we show that the medial OFC responds to reward outcomes (as well as following successful avoidance of aversive outcomes), whereas both medial and lateral OFC responds during anticipation of reward.

Gene_expression (responds) of OFC in lateral

12) Confidence 0.18 Published 2006 Journal PLoS Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC1484497 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

For example, there is the intriguing possibility that both lesions result in impulsivity, but that dHPC lesions do so through an inability to withhold from executing an inappropriate response (behavioral disinhibition), whereas vHPC lesioned animals are unable to properly value delayed rewards, possibly as a consequence of disrupting HPC-OFC connections.

Gene_expression (connections) of OFC associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

13) Confidence 0.03 Published 2008 Journal Behav Neurosci Section Body Doc Link PMC2671844 Disease Relevance 0.24 Pain Relevance 0.03

However, the effect of dHPC lesions on this task was not necessarily as predicted on the basis of the anatomical segregation of HPC-OFC connections.

Gene_expression (connections) of OFC

14) Confidence 0.03 Published 2008 Journal Behav Neurosci Section Body Doc Link PMC2671844 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0.08

Compared to controls, rats with OFC lesions display an increased preference for the goal arm of a T maze containing an immediately available low reward (LR) over the goal arm containing a higher reward (HR) that is only available after a delay (Rudebeck, Walton, Smyth, Bannerman, & Rushworth, 2006).

Gene_expression (lesions) of OFC in arm

15) Confidence 0.03 Published 2008 Journal Behav Neurosci Section Body Doc Link PMC2671844 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

As controls, 11 patients with both luteal phase defect and high CL-RI (?

Gene_expression (defect) of CL-RI

16) Confidence 0.03 Published 2009 Journal J Ovarian Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2633338 Disease Relevance 0.24 Pain Relevance 0

General Comments

This test has worked.