INT22402

Context Info Confidence 0.59 First Reported 1984 Last Reported 2008 Negated 2 Speculated 1 Reported most in Abstract Documents 17 Total Number 20 Disease Relevance 7.77 Pain Relevance 2.91

lipid binding (DBI) transport (DBI)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 3 superior 1 CSF 1 colostrum 1 anterior pituitary 1 DBI (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat analgesia 1 99.96 Analgesic 12 99.58 Pain 23 99.36 Serotonin 8 99.08 fluoxetine 2 98.32 Inflammation 22 95.72 Clonidine 4 94.68 antagonist 17 87.92 Neurotransmitter 1 87.52 Endogenous opioid 3 79.64

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Ectopic Pregnancy 285 100.00 Hypoglycemia 12 99.84 Obesity 40 99.70 Pain 14 99.36 Cognitive Disorder 3 98.20 INFLAMMATION 21 95.72 Tubal Pregnancy 30 86.60 Starvation 1 78.76 Appendicitis 6 77.08 Chlamydia Infection 6 75.44

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

BACKGROUND: The source and regulatory mechanisms that elevate beta-endorphin (beta-EP) approximately twofold higher than circulating plasma levels in the colostrum of lactating mothers are still unknown, and no studies have examined beta-EP availability previously during maturation phases of human milk.

Spec (examined) Positive_regulation (elevate) of beta-EP in plasma

1) Confidence 0.59 Published 2001 Journal J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. Section Abstract Doc Link 11568517 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In prepubertal obese children, the increased plasma beta EP and beta LPH levels with the maintenance of their circadian rhythm and responsivity to hypoglycemia suggest overactivity of anterior pituitary secretion.

Positive_regulation (increased) of EP in anterior pituitary associated with hypoglycemia and obesity

2) Confidence 0.45 Published 1986 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 2933422 Disease Relevance 1.01 Pain Relevance 0

CONCLUSIONS: It is hypothesized that elevated beta-EP concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk of mothers who were vaginally delivered of infants may contribute to postnatal fetal adaptation, to overcoming birth stress of natural labor and delivery, and at the same time to the postnatal development of several related biologic functions of breast-fed infants.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of beta-EP in colostrum

3) Confidence 0.35 Published 2001 Journal J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. Section Body Doc Link 11568517 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In normal prepubertal subjects, the circadian rhythms of beta EP and beta LPH secretion and release induced by hypoglycemia suggest the presence of a well developed neuroendocrine control of proopiomelanocortin-related peptide secretion.

Positive_regulation (induced) of EP associated with hypoglycemia

4) Confidence 0.33 Published 1986 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 2933422 Disease Relevance 1.09 Pain Relevance 0.06

In obese adolescents, in spite of the normal rhythm of beta LPH and cortisol, beta EP levels did not change throughout the day, thus suggesting beta EP secretion from nonpituitary sources in these subjects.

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (change) of EP associated with obesity

5) Confidence 0.33 Published 1986 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 2933422 Disease Relevance 0.78 Pain Relevance 0

The evidence for an analgesic effect arising from increased peripheral concentrations of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) in various animal species is controversial, and has not been fully evaluated in the sheep.

Positive_regulation (increased) of beta-EP associated with analgesic

6) Confidence 0.33 Published 1989 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 2527327 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.10

To stimulate beta-EP release, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were injected intravenously (iv) into a group of 12 out of 24 sheep, 15 min prior to minor surgery on all sheep.

Positive_regulation (stimulate) of beta-EP

7) Confidence 0.33 Published 1989 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 2527327 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.09

The iv route of administration induced a prompt (mean peak values after 150 min) dose-dependent increase in beta-EP and beta-LPH levels.

Positive_regulation (increase) of beta-EP

8) Confidence 0.29 Published 1984 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 6092410 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.33

This behavior appeared to be unaffected by a pre-operative increase in peripheral plasma beta-EP, and may indicate that this increase in beta-EP was not sufficiently analgesic to block the cognitive response to the operation, or long-lasting enough to prevent the perception of post-operative soreness.

Positive_regulation (increase) of beta-EP in plasma associated with cognitive disorder and analgesic

9) Confidence 0.26 Published 1989 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 2527327 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.10

In the obese patients, CSF SRIH and beta-EP levels were significantly reduced and increased, respectively, compared with controls (20.6 +/- 2.62, mean +/- s.e.m., vs 34.5 +/- 2.14 pg/ml, P < 0.05, for SRIH and 111.2 +/- 5.00 vs 80.4 +/- 5.32 pg/ml, P < 0.001, for beta-EP).

Positive_regulation (increased) of beta-EP in CSF associated with obesity

10) Confidence 0.24 Published 1995 Journal Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. Section Abstract Doc Link 7719386 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0

Although a potential role of EP(4) receptor in pain has been suggested, a limited number of selective ligands have made it difficult to explore the physiological functions of EP(4) or its potential as a new analgesic target.

Positive_regulation (role) of EP associated with pain and analgesic

11) Confidence 0.20 Published 2007 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 17495127 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.31

No presence of beta-LPH, beta-EP and ACTH was confirmed, while gamma-EP, alpha-MSH and des-alpha-MSH were detected for the first time in follicular fluid.

Neg (No) Positive_regulation (presence) of beta-EP

12) Confidence 0.19 Published 1988 Journal Peptides Section Abstract Doc Link 2854246 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.06

Fluoxetine (15 and 30 mg orally) a blocker of SE reuptake, induced a significant dose-related rise in plasma beta-EP and beta-LPH levels in a group of seven normal men (P less than 0.01) (mean peak values after 150 min).

Positive_regulation (rise) of beta-EP in plasma associated with serotonin and fluoxetine

13) Confidence 0.17 Published 1984 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 6092410 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.35

Total serum CK levels were found to be significantly higher in the EP group as compared to the controls (p < 0.001), suggesting that this test might be used as a indicator for EP.27

Positive_regulation (indicator) of EP associated with ectopic pregnancy

14) Confidence 0.09 Published 2008 Journal Clinics Section Body Doc Link PMC2664731 Disease Relevance 1.34 Pain Relevance 0.06

ROC curves demonstrated significant discriminatory capability of increased CK for EP diagnosis, suggesting that CK concentrations could be used to predict EP.42

Positive_regulation (predict) of EP associated with ectopic pregnancy

15) Confidence 0.09 Published 2008 Journal Clinics Section Body Doc Link PMC2664731 Disease Relevance 1.09 Pain Relevance 0.03

Serum values of VEGF were significantly increased in EP, and a combination of three independent markers using the formula VEGF/(PAPP-A × Progesterone) was found to be superior to single marker measurements for discrimination between normal intrauterine pregnancy and EP (sensitivity of 97.7% and specificity of 92.4%).13 CREATINE KINASE (CK)

Positive_regulation (increased) of EP in superior associated with ectopic pregnancy

16) Confidence 0.08 Published 2008 Journal Clinics Section Body Doc Link PMC2664731 Disease Relevance 0.72 Pain Relevance 0

In the controls, clonidine induced release of beta-LPH and beta-EP after 30 min (from 8.9 +/- 1.0 to 19.1 +/- 4.6 fmol/ml, P less than 0.01 and from 8.1 +/- 0.6 to 17.9 +/- 4.6, P less than 0.01) and of ACTH after 60 min (from 12.1 +/- 1.8 to 18.1 +/- 1.8, P less than 0.05) while in addicts beta-EP but not beta-LPH showed a significant increase (from 8.5 +/- 0.7 to 19.8 +/- 4.2, P less than 0.05), 90 min after the injection.

Positive_regulation (increase) of beta-EP associated with clonidine

17) Confidence 0.07 Published 1985 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2857510 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.36

The naturally occurring peptide human beta-endorphin-(1-27) (h beta-EP-(1-27) has been shown to antagonize beta-endorphin (h beta-EP)-induced analgesia.

Positive_regulation (-induced) of beta-EP associated with analgesia

18) Confidence 0.06 Published 1986 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2946593 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.21

Beta-EP had increased by the 5th day (group A: 4.74 +/- 0.42 to 6.91 +/- 0.65 pmol/l, p less than 0.01; group B: 3.60 +/- 0.48 to 5.14 +/- 0.22 pmol/l, p less than 0.05, and remained at 5.05 +/- 0.65 pmol/l on the 10th day (group B: 0.05 less than p less than 0.1) during fasting.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Beta-EP

19) Confidence 0.04 Published 1990 Journal Horm. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 2289782 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.08

PGE2 signals via a transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor (EP), of which four types have been identified (EP1-4) [13,15].

Positive_regulation (transmembrane) of EP

20) Confidence 0.03 Published 2006 Journal BMC Neurol Section Body Doc Link PMC1361784 Disease Relevance 0.88 Pain Relevance 0.78

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