INT230965

Context Info Confidence 0.24 First Reported 2007 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 4 Total Number 4 Disease Relevance 2.48 Pain Relevance 0.15

Anatomy Link Frequency neuronal 1 AREG (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat metalloproteinase 4 82.08 agonist 29 38.56 pruritus 2 23.92 Neurotransmitter 6 23.84 Chronic pancreatitis 1 19.44 Inflammation 37 5.00 antagonist 13 5.00 Glutamate 6 5.00 cytokine 5 5.00 Glutamate receptor 5 5.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Pancreatic Cancer 28 98.48 Adenocarcinoma 17 98.16 Aggression 4 98.06 Cancer 117 97.44 Apoptosis 11 97.02 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2 91.36 Toxicity 19 80.48 Neurodegenerative Disease 9 80.04 Acne 6 79.76 Exanthema 13 78.96

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Amphiregulin is activated by metalloproteases and can be induced by cAMP activation, and increased levels of amphiregulin expression and release in airways, after activation by human airway trypsin-like protease through PAR2 receptor activation, result in mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive airway disease [46].

Positive_regulation (induced) of Amphiregulin associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1) Confidence 0.24 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2970545 Disease Relevance 0.56 Pain Relevance 0

Analysing these results, we observed that genes implicated in neuronal differentiation of neuronal precursors, including SOCS2, sFRP1, amphiregulin, neuronal growth regulator 1 and EphA4, were also upregulated after neurogenic differentiation of BM-MSC [33-35].

Positive_regulation (upregulated) of amphiregulin in neuronal

2) Confidence 0.24 Published 2008 Journal BMC Genomics Section Body Doc Link PMC2358905 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0

A recent report indicated that, in addition to K-RAS mutation being an indicator of resistance, high levels of the EGFR ligands epiregulin and amphiregulin correlated with response (Khambata-Ford 2007).

Positive_regulation (levels) of amphiregulin

3) Confidence 0.12 Published 2007 Journal Biologics : Targets & Therapy Section Body Doc Link PMC2721306 Disease Relevance 0.70 Pain Relevance 0

The notion that the activation of signal pathways associated with cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis may, at least partially, explain the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer which is supported by our findings that several mediators of such effects (amphiregulin, heparin-binding EGF like growth factor, epiregulin and vascular endothelial growth factor C) and their corresponding receptors were upregulated.

Positive_regulation (upregulated) of amphiregulin associated with pancreatic cancer, aggression and apoptosis

4) Confidence 0.10 Published 2010 Journal BMC Cancer Section Body Doc Link PMC2927995 Disease Relevance 1.14 Pain Relevance 0.15

General Comments

This test has worked.