INT251459

Context Info Confidence 0.20 First Reported 2008 Last Reported 2010 Negated 1 Speculated 1 Reported most in Body Documents 18 Total Number 19 Disease Relevance 6.62 Pain Relevance 0.75

Anatomy Link Frequency platelet 7 erythrocyte 2 neuronal 1 spleen 1 upper 1 Ie (Mus musculus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat backache 7 92.32 Inflammation 23 88.24 ischemia 23 81.36 agonist 31 69.68 cytokine 13 69.24 Hippocampus 7 65.40 Facet joint 1 54.52 Arthritis 1 53.32 Pain 39 53.20 antagonist 8 39.44

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Bacterial Endocarditis 13 100.00 Falciparum Malaria 5 100.00 Embolism 10 99.56 Malaria 448 99.26 Adhesions 76 98.10 Infection 109 97.36 Cold Sores 89 95.20 Sprains And Strains 215 94.48 Low Back Pain 7 92.80 Hypoxia 9 88.68

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

We have previously characterized the sensitizing effect of LPS exposure on neuronal damage following OGD in juvenile murine hippocampal slice cultures and showed that time separation between the respective insults was decisive for resulting neuronal damage, ie for a sensitizing, or with an increased time separation, a protective effect [17].

ie Binding (decisive) of in neuronal

1) Confidence 0.20 Published 2010 Journal J Neuroinflammation Section Body Doc Link PMC3017519 Disease Relevance 0.82 Pain Relevance 0.37

Still considering that transient changes in H3K4me2 marks associated with the IE lytic promoter ICP0 may have been missed due to experimental constraints, we assessed whether we could detect changes in the accumulation of ICP0 transcript abundance at early times post-TCIE.

IE Binding (associated) of

2) Confidence 0.08 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2973973 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0

These processes obviously have the potential to influence the interaction between IE and platelets, and it is possible that clumping could be an artefact of in vitro platelet activation.

IE Binding (interaction) of in platelet

3) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0

However, it does seem plausible that, as suggested by Wassmer et al [17], platelet-binding to IE might promote cytoadherence and sequestration in vivo, and could target binding to endothelial beds not expressing adhesion receptors, such as CD36 [17].

IE Binding (binding) of in platelet associated with adhesions

4) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.24 Pain Relevance 0

The marked effect of assay conditions on clumping frequency is in contrast to another P. falciparum adhesion phenotype studied in suspension assays – the formation of rosettes by uninfected erythrocytes binding to IE.

IE Binding (binding) of in erythrocytes associated with adhesions

5) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0

This limitation of the suspension assay suggests that it may be worthwhile to pursue alternative approaches to analysing the ability of IE to interact with platelets, such as the use of plate binding assays under static or flow conditions [14-16].

IE Spec (analysing) Binding (interact) of in platelets

6) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0

These results indicate that platelet binding to IE is a property of fresh platelets that is retained by old platelets, and is not merely an artefact resulting from platelet storage.

IE Binding (binding) of in platelet

7) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0

Two or more platelets could be seen binding between IE (Figure 1B, left and upper and middle right) and, occasionally, large platelet aggregates were seen within clumps (Figure 1B, bottom right).

IE Binding (binding) of in upper

8) Confidence 0.05 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0

One of the most recent P. falciparum cytoadherence phenotypes to be described is the ability of IE to bind to platelets in suspension assays in vitro to form platelet-mediated clumps of infected cells [6] (Figure 1).

IE Binding (bind) of in platelet

9) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0

Assays with stored and fresh PPP were also performed in order to exclude the possibility of IE aggregation occurring without platelet-binding.

IE Binding (aggregation) of in platelet

10) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Although cytoadherence and sequestration of mature IE to the microvascular endothelium occurs in all infections, several adhesive phenotypes have been associated with severe pathological outcomes of malaria, such as the formation of rosettes (binding of IE to uninfected erythrocytes) [5], and the sequestration of IE in the microvasculature of the brain and the placenta [4].

IE Binding (binding) of in placenta associated with malaria and infection

11) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.98 Pain Relevance 0

It is currently unclear whether platelet-mediated clumping measured in suspension assays and platelet-binding by IE measured in plate assays are identical phenotypes.

IE Binding (binding) of in platelet

12) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.14 Pain Relevance 0

Clumping frequency was expressed as the percentage of IE in clumps out of the total number of IE counted.

IE Binding (percentage) of

13) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC2599902 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0.05

This case shows that IE can present with late embolic episodes, even after the completion of appropriate antibiotic therapy.

IE Binding (present) of associated with bacterial endocarditis and embolism

14) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Cases J Section Body Doc Link PMC2577102 Disease Relevance 1.97 Pain Relevance 0.34

The results indicated lack of binding of IE to any of the four receptors during the first eight days of cultivation.

IE Binding (binding) of

15) Confidence 0.03 Published 2009 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2758591 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

The ex vivo and subsequent in vitro analysis of IE presented here, indicates a correlation between transcription of particular parasite multicopy gene families and binding of IE to endothelial receptors.

IE Binding (binding) of

16) Confidence 0.02 Published 2009 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2758591 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0

This latter explanation would be fully consistent with our finding that the ex vivo parasites from the splenectomized patient do not express genes coding for proteins that are targeted to the erythrocyte surface and consequently these IE do not bind to common endothelial receptors as shown by our in vitro analyses.

IE Neg (not) Binding (bind) of in erythrocyte

17) Confidence 0.02 Published 2009 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2758591 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0

However, on the two following time points (day 15 and 30) a gradual increase of IE binding was observed to CD36 and ICAM-1, which reached a maximum on day 30 of cultivation (Fig. 3) and did not further change during the following weeks (data not shown).

IE Binding (binding) of

18) Confidence 0.02 Published 2009 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2758591 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

To avoid spleen-dependent killing mechanisms parasite-infected erythrocytes (IE) of Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients have the capacity to bind to endothelial receptors.

IE Binding (bind) of in spleen associated with falciparum malaria

19) Confidence 0.02 Published 2009 Journal PLoS ONE Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2758591 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0

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