INT256900

Context Info Confidence 0.68 First Reported 2008 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 1 Reported most in Body Documents 19 Total Number 27 Disease Relevance 7.36 Pain Relevance 0.64

Anatomy Link Frequency brain 4 unspecified 2 body 2 grids 1 TNMD (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat alcohol 9 93.68 Pain 38 70.20 Inflammation 16 66.60 Inflammatory mediators 11 52.64 backache 88 5.00 Osteoarthritis 33 5.00 metalloproteinase 22 5.00 headache 21 5.00 cva 14 5.00 imagery 8 5.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Injury 55 100.00 Cancer 31 100.00 Necrosis 22 100.00 Conjunctivitis 24 98.36 Corneal Disease 112 97.72 Blindness 80 96.28 Keloid Scars 15 93.92 Panophthalmitis 48 93.20 Endophthalmitis 32 92.36 Cataract 32 91.72

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Sources of TEM were: 38.9% of the subjects made these concoctions themselves, 27.45% received TEM from relatives, 17.7% consulted a traditional healer, 13.27% received TEM from neighbors; and in 2.65% of subjects the source was unspecified.

Gene_expression (Sources) of TEM in unspecified

1) Confidence 0.68 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.21

There was no significant difference between the age of the patients and the source of TEM (P > 0.5).

Gene_expression (source) of TEM

2) Confidence 0.68 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.44 Pain Relevance 0.12

This study has shown that many patients still use TEM for various ocular conditions including conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and trauma, which can cause blindness due to associated complications.

Gene_expression (use) of TEM associated with conjunctivitis, injury, corneal disease and blindness

3) Confidence 0.59 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 1.48 Pain Relevance 0

However, human AC cells showed expression of TNMD, which was absent from bovine AC samples.

Gene_expression (expression) of TNMD

4) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Furthermore, there were also differences in cell-specific gene expression; notably, SNAP 25 and TNMD were expressed by human AC cells and FBLN 1 was expressed by human AF cells at levels very similar to those observed in AC cells.

Gene_expression (expressed) of TNMD

5) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Expression of a subset of the validated bovine markers genes (KRT8, 18, 19 SNAP25, CDH2, TNMD, BASP1, FOXF1, IBSP and FBLN 1) was analysed in human cells.

Spec (analysed) Gene_expression (Expression) of TNMD

6) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Sources of TEM were self-medication in 38.9% of subjects, relatives in 27.4%, and traditional healers in 17.7%.

Gene_expression (Sources) of TEM

7) Confidence 0.53 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.72 Pain Relevance 0

The symptoms necessitating the use of TEM, the type and source of TEM, history of trauma preceding use of TEM, complications, surgeries, presenting visual acuity, and final visual outcome were documented.

Gene_expression (source) of TEM associated with injury

8) Confidence 0.53 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.44 Pain Relevance 0

The symptoms necessitating the use of TEM, the type and source of TEM, history of trauma preceding use of TEM, complications, surgeries, presenting visual acuity, and final visual outcome were documented.

Gene_expression (source) of TEM associated with injury

9) Confidence 0.53 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.44 Pain Relevance 0

Sources of TEM were: 38.9% of the subjects made these concoctions themselves, 27.45% received TEM from relatives, 17.7% consulted a traditional healer, 13.27% received TEM from neighbors; and in 2.65% of subjects the source was unspecified.

Gene_expression (Sources) of TEM in unspecified

10) Confidence 0.53 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.60 Pain Relevance 0.21

The symptoms necessitating the use of TEM, the type and source of TEM, history of trauma preceding use of TEM, complications, surgeries, presenting visual acuity, and final visual outcome were documented.

Gene_expression (source) of TEM associated with injury

11) Confidence 0.53 Published 2010 Journal Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology Section Body Doc Link PMC2991448 Disease Relevance 0.44 Pain Relevance 0

Although the differential expression of TNMD seen in bovine samples between NP and AF cells was preserved in human samples (P < 0.05), the fold change was lower (approximately 100-fold in bovine, and approximately 5-fold in human).

Gene_expression (expression) of TNMD

12) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Analysis of the IVD-specific marker genes (TNMD, BASP1, TNFAIP6, FOXF1 and FOXF2; Figure 3b) confirmed the microarray results, with expression being significantly higher in both NP and AF cells than AC cells (all genes P < 0.0001).

Gene_expression (expression) of TNMD

13) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

The additional genes, brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1), tenomodulin (TNMD), tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6), forkhead box F1 (FOXF1), forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) and aquaporin (AQP1) were included from the NP/AC comparisons (Table 6) because they had high differential expression levels but also had detectable levels of expression in the AF and were therefore of interest as transcriptional markers of an IVD cell.

Gene_expression (expression) of tenomodulin in brain associated with necrosis and cancer

14) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0

The additional genes, brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1), tenomodulin (TNMD), tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6), forkhead box F1 (FOXF1), forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) and aquaporin (AQP1) were included from the NP/AC comparisons (Table 6) because they had high differential expression levels but also had detectable levels of expression in the AF and were therefore of interest as transcriptional markers of an IVD cell.

Gene_expression (expression) of TNMD in brain associated with necrosis and cancer

15) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0

The additional genes, brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1), tenomodulin (TNMD), tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6), forkhead box F1 (FOXF1), forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) and aquaporin (AQP1) were included from the NP/AC comparisons (Table 6) because they had high differential expression levels but also had detectable levels of expression in the AF and were therefore of interest as transcriptional markers of an IVD cell.

Gene_expression (attached) of TNMD in brain associated with necrosis and cancer

16) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0

The additional genes, brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1), tenomodulin (TNMD), tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6), forkhead box F1 (FOXF1), forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) and aquaporin (AQP1) were included from the NP/AC comparisons (Table 6) because they had high differential expression levels but also had detectable levels of expression in the AF and were therefore of interest as transcriptional markers of an IVD cell.

Gene_expression (attached) of tenomodulin in brain associated with necrosis and cancer

17) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0

Eleven genes (SNAP25, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, CDH2, IBSP, VCAN, TNMD, BASP1, FOXF1 & FBLN1) were also differentially expressed in normal human NP cells, although to a lesser degree.

Gene_expression (expressed) of TNMD

18) Confidence 0.43 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Importantly, only one of these genes (TNMD) showed no expression in AC cells and given the large differences between its expression in NP and AF cells, TNMD may serve as a marker for the AF cell phenotype.

Gene_expression (expression) of TNMD

19) Confidence 0.42 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2875656 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.03

Presenting TE and in particular the ideal of transparency as natural undermines other ordinary experiences of our fleshy bodies: living a body also entails hurting, scarring oneself and paying heed to one’s bodily existence.

Gene_expression (Presenting) of TE in body associated with keloid scars

20) Confidence 0.20 Published 2008 Journal Med Health Care Philos Section Body Doc Link PMC2781099 Disease Relevance 0.22 Pain Relevance 0

General Comments

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