INT281978

Context Info Confidence 0.30 First Reported 2009 Last Reported 2009 Negated 0 Speculated 3 Reported most in Body Documents 1 Total Number 13 Disease Relevance 5.90 Pain Relevance 2.66

cell differentiation (MDK) signal transduction (MDK) extracellular region (MDK)

Anatomy Link Frequency lung 4 epithelial cells 2 fibroblasts 2 MDK (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat dexamethasone 624 99.84 corticosteroid 104 99.84 Inflammation 26 88.32 ketamine 13 5.00 anesthesia 13 5.00 alcohol 13 5.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Rheumatoid Arthritis 598 99.68 Targeted Disruption 39 99.24 Hypoxia 13 95.16 Cancer 13 89.84 INFLAMMATION 13 88.32 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 117 86.08 Pneumonia 13 73.76 Infection 13 48.64 Hyperglycemia 13 47.76 Emphysema 13 5.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Through gene array analysis of GC receptor knockout mice, Kaplan et al demonstrated that MK is dynamically regulated by both GC and retinoic acid during normal fetal lung development [10].

Regulation (regulated) of MK in lung associated with targeted disruption

1) Confidence 0.30 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0

In summary, we have demonstrated that MK is differentially regulated by corticosteroid and retinoid treatment during postnatal lung development, and that its expression matches the hormonal effects on alveolarization.

Regulation (regulated) of MK in lung associated with corticosteroid

2) Confidence 0.30 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.09

Collectively, our data suggest that MK is likely differentially regulated by GC and RA from the late saccular to early alveolar stage of lung development.

Regulation (regulated) of MK in lung associated with rheumatoid arthritis

3) Confidence 0.26 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.87 Pain Relevance 0.07

Western blot analysis of MK regulation in Type II-like cells and lung fibroblasts are shown in Figure 5.

Regulation (regulation) of MK in fibroblasts

4) Confidence 0.13 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.33 Pain Relevance 0.25

Lastly, we have previously shown that MK is upregulated in glucocorticoid receptor knockout mice, and that GC and RA differentially regulate MK in vitro [10].

Regulation (regulate) of MK associated with targeted disruption and rheumatoid arthritis

5) Confidence 0.13 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0.12

We conclude that MK is expressed by AT2 cells, and is differentially regulated by corticosteroid and retinoid treatment in a manner consistent with hormonal effects on alveolarization during postnatal lung development.

Regulation (regulated) of MK in lung associated with corticosteroid

6) Confidence 0.13 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.62 Pain Relevance 0.48

We next examined the expression and hormonal regulations of MK in isolated human alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

Spec (examined) Regulation (regulations) of MK in fibroblasts

7) Confidence 0.13 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.28

However, in our hands, changes in steady state MK mRNA did not match MK protein expression after hormonal treatments.

Regulation (changes) of MK

8) Confidence 0.13 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.38 Pain Relevance 0.03

The mechanisms controlling this balance are largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that midkine (MK) may function as a critical regulator.

Regulation (regulator) of midkine

9) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.52 Pain Relevance 0.31

The purpose of this study was to examine regulation of MK by GC and RA during postnatal alveolar formation in rats.

Spec (examine) Regulation (regulation) of MK associated with rheumatoid arthritis

10) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.19

The mechanisms controlling this balance are largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that midkine (MK) may function as a critical regulator.

Regulation (regulator) of MK

11) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.52 Pain Relevance 0.31

The angiogenic factor midkine is regulated by dexamethasone and retinoic acid during alveolarization and in alveolar epithelial cells Background

Regulation (regulated) of midkine in epithelial cells associated with dexamethasone

12) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Title Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.23

We next examined the expression and hormonal regulations of MK in isolated human alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

Spec (examined) Regulation (regulations) of MK in epithelial cells

13) Confidence 0.05 Published 2009 Journal Respir Res Section Body Doc Link PMC2739515 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.28

General Comments

This test has worked.