INT28420

Context Info Confidence 0.78 First Reported 1989 Last Reported 2010 Negated 1 Speculated 3 Reported most in Body Documents 59 Total Number 62 Disease Relevance 31.72 Pain Relevance 12.67

isomerase activity (Ptgds) transport (Ptgds) Golgi apparatus (Ptgds) endoplasmic reticulum (Ptgds) lipid metabolic process (Ptgds) cytoplasm (Ptgds)

Anatomy Link Frequency mast cells 11 macrophages 3 lung 2 neuronal 2 leukocyte 2 Ptgds (Mus musculus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Inflammation 1363 100.00 Spinal cord 24 99.92 corticosteroid 23 99.82 dexamethasone 40 99.78 COX-2 inhibitor 52 99.64 cINOD 95 99.42 cytokine 145 99.26 aspirin 37 99.04 agonist 42 98.96 Brush evoked pain 2 96.96

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat INFLAMMATION 1481 100.00 Targeted Disruption 90 100.00 Sleep Disorders 2 99.68 Increased Venous Pressure Under Development 15 99.24 Disease 214 98.98 Hypersensitivity 39 98.68 Injury 35 98.58 Reprotox - General 1 5 98.00 Cancer 211 97.92 Asthma 217 97.76

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Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

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Disease term

PGD2 is further dehydrated to produce PGJ2, delta12-PGJ2, and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2, the last being a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARgamma.

Gene_expression (produce) of PGD2

1) Confidence 0.78 Published 2002 Journal Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. Section Abstract Doc Link 12432930 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.14

It can be assumed, that PGD2 biosynthesis under control conditions is mediated via COX-1 and that during inflammation, increased PGD2 is dependent on COX-2.

Gene_expression (biosynthesis) of PGD2 associated with inflammation

2) Confidence 0.75 Published 2008 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 18028337 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.32

An initial rapid burst of PGD2 synthesis, complete within 30 min, is followed by a slower subsequent production of PGD2 that reaches a maximum 4 to 8 h after activation in MMC-34 cells.

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2

3) Confidence 0.74 Published 1995 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 7608559 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.06

These data demonstrate that mast cell activation results 1) in the induction of PGS-2 gene expression, and 2) in both PGS-1-dependent PGD2 synthesis and PGD2 synthesis that is dependent on the activation-induced synthesis and activity of PGS-2.

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2 in mast cell

4) Confidence 0.74 Published 1995 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 7608559 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.21

In an endotoxin-based mouse model of inflammation, administration of aspirin or indomethacin nearly abolished both PGE2 and PGD2 synthesis, whereas PGD2 levels rose during the natural resolution of inflammation in untreated animals [33].

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2 associated with aspirin and inflammation

5) Confidence 0.73 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0.66

raises PGE2, but decreases PGD2, synthesis by zymosan-stimulated murine macrophages [37].

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2 in macrophages

6) Confidence 0.73 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.74 Pain Relevance 0.29

In an endotoxin-based mouse model of inflammation, administration of aspirin or indomethacin nearly abolished both PGE2 and PGD2 synthesis, whereas PGD2 levels rose during the natural resolution of inflammation in untreated animals [33].

Gene_expression (levels) of PGD2 associated with aspirin and inflammation

7) Confidence 0.73 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0.66

Dexamethasone induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase gene expression in mouse neuronal cells.

Gene_expression (expression) of prostaglandin D synthase gene in neuronal associated with dexamethasone

8) Confidence 0.68 Published 2000 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Title Doc Link 10899920 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0.34

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), the predominant prostanoid produced by activated mast cells, is implicated in a variety of allergic diseases.

Gene_expression (produced) of PGD2 in mast cells associated with hypersensitivity and disease

9) Confidence 0.67 Published 2003 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 12721327 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), the predominant prostanoid produced by activated mast cells, is implicated in a variety of allergic diseases.

Gene_expression (produced) of Prostaglandin D2 in mast cells associated with hypersensitivity and disease

10) Confidence 0.67 Published 2003 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 12721327 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0

We found the PGD2 receptors DP1 and chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) localized in neurons of the dorsal, and motoneurons in the ventral horn.

Gene_expression (expressed) of PGD2 in ventral

11) Confidence 0.65 Published 2008 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 18028337 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.32

Effect of endotoxin treatment on the expression and localization of spinal cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin synthases, and PGD2 receptors.

Gene_expression (expression) of PGD2 in spinal associated with cytokine

12) Confidence 0.65 Published 2008 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Title Doc Link 18028337 Disease Relevance 0.34 Pain Relevance 0.45

An initial rapid burst of PGD2 synthesis, complete within 30 min, is followed by a slower subsequent production of PGD2 that reaches a maximum 4 to 8 h after activation in MMC-34 cells.

Gene_expression (production) of PGD2

13) Confidence 0.65 Published 1995 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 7608559 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.06

In contrast, the later phase of PGD2 production is blocked by dexamethasone, cycloheximide, or NS-398, a PGS-2-specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits PGS-2 enzyme activity but not PGS-1 activity.

Gene_expression (production) of PGD2 associated with inflammation, cinod and dexamethasone

14) Confidence 0.65 Published 1995 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 7608559 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.24

Dexamethasone inhibited PGD2 synthesis in zymosan-stimulated murine macrophages [37].

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2 in macrophages associated with dexamethasone

15) Confidence 0.63 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0.67

Prednisone did not alter PGD2 synthesis during the cutaneous late-phase allergic response in humans [40].

Gene_expression (synthesis) of PGD2 associated with hypersensitivity

16) Confidence 0.63 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.71 Pain Relevance 0.66

Exudate IL-6, PGE2 and PGD2 levels were determined by commercially available immunoassays (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA (IL-6) and Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (PGE2 and PGD2)).

Gene_expression (levels) of PGD2

17) Confidence 0.63 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0

How do commonly used anti-inflammatory agents, such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids, affect PGD2 levels?

Gene_expression (levels) of PGD2 associated with corticosteroid, inflammation and cinod

18) Confidence 0.63 Published 2007 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2206389 Disease Relevance 0.65 Pain Relevance 0.62

In contrast, in acute peritoneal inflammation, knockout of PGD2 synthase increased inflammatory cytokine production and retarded the rate of inflammatory resolution by a mechanism that operated through the DP-1 receptor [24].

Gene_expression (synthase) of PGD2 associated with targeted disruption, inflammation and cytokine

19) Confidence 0.60 Published 2009 Journal PLoS Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC2718617 Disease Relevance 1.33 Pain Relevance 0.71

The provision of exogenous PGD2 but not PGD3 (which could be derived from EPA), fully restored the ability of neutrophils to cross the endothelial cell monolayer (Figure 7A).

Gene_expression (provision) of PGD2 in neutrophils

20) Confidence 0.60 Published 2009 Journal PLoS Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC2718617 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.14

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