INT289044

Context Info Confidence 0.58 First Reported 2009 Last Reported 2009 Negated 1 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 1 Total Number 11 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.21

Anatomy Link Frequency neurons 3 oocytes 2 Sat2 (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat medulla 44 88.88 Neurotransmitter 88 58.76 Glutamate 242 31.64 imagery 11 18.28 addiction 33 16.36 gABA 44 5.00 Glutamate receptor 33 5.00 excitatory amino acid 22 5.00 tetrodotoxin 11 5.00 Hippocampus 11 5.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Immunization 22 94.20 Decapitation 11 5.00 Starvation 11 5.00 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 11 5.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

The SLC38A1 transporter protein (SAT1) is expressed mainly in neurons (Varoqui et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2000; Chaudhry et al., 2002b; Mackenzie et al., 2003; Melone et al., 2004; Buntup et al., 2008) whereas the SLC38A2 protein (SAT2) is expressed in many tissues, including neurons and potentially in glia (Reimer et al., 2000; Sugawara et al., 2000a; Yao et al., 2000; Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al., 2005; Melone et al., 2006; Jenstad et al., 2009).

Gene_expression (expressed) of SAT2 in neurons

1) Confidence 0.58 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.03

The MeAIB induced current is 34% of the magnitude of Igln, which is very similar to the relative MeAIB current observed in Xenopus oocytes expressing SAT1 (Chaudhry et al., 2002b) or SAT2 (Reimer et al., 2000; Sugawara et al., 2000a; Yao et al., 2000).

Gene_expression (expressing) of SAT2 in oocytes

2) Confidence 0.58 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

The magnitude of the proline current and intermediate glutamine affinity are consistent with a mixture of SAT1 and SAT2 currents in our recordings.

Gene_expression (currents) of SAT2

3) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.04

Two isoforms of the system A transporters have been proposed to be present in neurons, SAT1 and SAT2.

Gene_expression (neurons) of SAT2 in neurons

4) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

SAT1 and SAT2 antibodies (as above) were used at 0.5 and 0.25 ?

Gene_expression (antibodies) of SAT2

5) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0

Two isoforms of the system A transporters have been proposed to be present in neurons, SAT1 and SAT2.

Gene_expression (present) of SAT2 in neurons

6) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

This finding is supported by our electrophysiological data, which show a proline response that is neither significantly greater (as expected for SAT2) nor significantly smaller (as for SAT1) than the glutamine response.

Neg (neither) Gene_expression (expected) of SAT2

7) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.04

g/ml, while SAT2 was used at a concentration of 10 ?

Gene_expression (used) of SAT2

8) Confidence 0.51 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0

SAT1 and SAT2 proteins are expressed in the MNTB

Gene_expression (expressed) of SAT2

9) Confidence 0.45 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0

Glutamine transporter expression in the CNS has been observed for system A isoforms SAT1 (also called SA2, SNAT1, NAT2, GlnT and ATA1: Varoqui et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2000; Chaudhry et al., 2002b; Melone et al., 2004) and SAT2 (also called SA1, SNAT2 and ATA2: Reimer et al., 2000; Sugawara et al., 2000a; Yao et al., 2000; Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al., 2005; Melone et al., 2006; Jenstad et al., 2009); system ASC (ASCT2: Broer et al., 1999; Dolinska et al., 2004; Yamamoto et al., 2004); system B0 (B0AT2: Inoue et al., 1996; Takanaga et al., 2005; Broer et al., 2006); system B0,+ (ATB0,+: Sloan and Mager, 1999); system b0,+ (rBAT/b0,+AT: Bertran et al., 1992; Tate et al., 1992; Wells and Hediger, 1992); system L (LAT1 and LAT2: Kanai et al., 1998; Rossier et al., 1999; Segawa et al., 1999); system N (SN1/SNAT3 and SN2/SNAT5: Chaudhry et al., 1999, 2001; Nakanishi et al., 2001; Boulland et al., 2002, 2003; Cubelos et al., 2005) and system y+L (y+LAT2: Broer et al., 2000).

Gene_expression (expression) of SAT2

10) Confidence 0.45 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.06

In addition, we observe a Km for glutamine of 0.94±0.25 mM, which lies in between the Kms observed for SAT1 (0.3–0.4 mM) and SAT2 (1.7–2.3 mM) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes (Yao et al., 2000; Chaudhry et al., 2002b; Mackenzie et al., 2003).

Gene_expression (expressed) of SAT2 in oocytes

11) Confidence 0.44 Published 2009 Journal Neuroscience Section Body Doc Link PMC2789247 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.04

General Comments

This test has worked.