INT293

Context Info Confidence 1.00 First Reported 1978 Last Reported 2010 Negated 3 Speculated 3 Reported most in Abstract Documents 161 Total Number 164 Disease Relevance 11.71 Pain Relevance 98.45

extracellular region (Penk)

Anatomy Link Frequency brain 26 caudate-putamen 5 cleavage 4 Caco-2 4 skin 4 Penk (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Enkephalin 987 100.00 Analgesic 78 100.00 Opioid 73 100.00 opiate 51 100.00 Neuropeptide 30 100.00 Dynorphin 24 100.00 gABA 4 100.00 substance P 40 99.92 Cholecystokinin 34 99.90 Catecholamine 6 99.84

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Cv Unclassified Under Development 30 99.60 Urological Neuroanatomy 44 99.22 Anxiety Disorder 14 98.34 Neuroblastoma 5 98.30 INFLAMMATION 52 97.88 Pain 46 97.36 Abdominal Cramps 3 97.36 Gallstones 5 96.24 Increased Venous Pressure Under Development 3 96.24 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome 3 96.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

The degradation of two peptides, Leu-enkephalin (Enk) and Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly amide (TPLG), during skin penetration and on the dermal side following penetration, and the prevention of degradation by some protease inhibitors, were investigated using rat skin in vitro.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of Leu-enkephalin in skin associated with enkephalin

1) Confidence 1.00 Published 2000 Journal Biol. Pharm. Bull. Section Abstract Doc Link 11085364 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.28

The degradation of two peptides, Leu-enkephalin (Enk) and Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly amide (TPLG), during skin penetration and on the dermal side following penetration, and the prevention of degradation by some protease inhibitors, were investigated using rat skin in vitro.

Spec (investigated) Protein_catabolism (degradation) of Leu-enkephalin in skin associated with enkephalin

2) Confidence 1.00 Published 2000 Journal Biol. Pharm. Bull. Section Abstract Doc Link 11085364 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.27

In fact, enzymes involved in enkephalin degradation were decreased during perfusion (39%) and increased during ischemia (50%).

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with ischemia and enkephalin

3) Confidence 1.00 Published 2001 Journal Arch. Physiol. Biochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 11471067 Disease Relevance 0.84 Pain Relevance 0.88

The effect of ischemia on cardiac Leucine enkephalin (Leu-enk) content, degradation and coronary release was studied in the isolated perfused hearts of male Sprague Dawley rats.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in hearts associated with ischemia and enkephalin

4) Confidence 1.00 Published 2001 Journal Arch. Physiol. Biochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 11471067 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.40

The influence of the catecholamine hormones and some of their metabolites on the enzymatic degradation of met-enkephalin by rat brain homogenates has been evaluated.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of met-enkephalin in brain associated with catecholamine and enkephalin

5) Confidence 0.99 Published 1982 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 7053990 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.43

Inhibition of the enzymatic degradation of Met-enkephalin by catecholamines.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of Met-enkephalin associated with catecholamine and enkephalin

6) Confidence 0.99 Published 1982 Journal Endocrinology Section Title Doc Link 7053990 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.60

Boroleucine prolonged the leucine enkephalin degradation half-life 1.6-1.9-fold in each medium at 0.1 microM concentrations, 1/1000th the concentration of leucine enkephalin.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with enkephalin

7) Confidence 0.99 Published 1990 Journal Drug Metab. Dispos. Section Abstract Doc Link 2143133 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.69

These observations suggest that inhibitors of enkephalinase A produce analgesia through a pharmacological mechanism which is not directly related to inhibition of enkephalin degradation.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with enkephalin and analgesia

8) Confidence 0.96 Published 1985 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 3894620 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.76

Since the major pathway of enkephalin degradation seems to occur under the action of aminopeptidases, in the present paper we describe the changes in Tyr-aminopeptidase activities during several stages of the rat (male and female) brain development (9, 12, 15, 20 and 25 days postbirth).

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in brain associated with enkephalin

9) Confidence 0.96 Published 1996 Journal Reprod. Fertil. Dev. Section Abstract Doc Link 8795112 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.30

Characterization of enkephalin degradation in rat plasma.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in plasma associated with enkephalin

10) Confidence 0.96 Published 1986 Journal NIDA Res. Monogr. Section Title Doc Link 3123942 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.47

Differential posttranslational processing of proenkephalin in rat bone marrow and spleen mononuclear cells: evidence for synenkephalin cleavage.

Protein_catabolism (cleavage) of enkephalin in cleavage associated with enkephalin

11) Confidence 0.96 Published 1993 Journal Endocrinology Section Title Doc Link 8462445 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.81

Enkephalin degradation includes an enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24. 11) and the effects on the colic electromyographic profile of its inhibition by acetorphan has been investigated in the unrestrained rat.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of Enkephalin associated with colic and enkephalin

12) Confidence 0.96 Published 1993 Journal Neuropeptides Section Abstract Doc Link 8392143 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.24

In addition, the chelator 1,10-phenanthroline was also capable of effectively inhibiting enkephalin degradation, suggesting that the enzyme responsible has the characteristics of a metalloprotease.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with enkephalin

13) Confidence 0.96 Published 1993 Journal Brain Behav. Immun. Section Abstract Doc Link 8347898 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.60

This was confirmed by the ability of bestatin, a specific inhibitor of cell surface aminopeptidases, to almost completely inhibit enkephalin degradation by splenocytes (85%) and A-NK cells (96%).

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in NK cells associated with enkephalin

14) Confidence 0.96 Published 1993 Journal Brain Behav. Immun. Section Abstract Doc Link 8347898 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.80

The degradation of the enkephalin-containing octapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Gly-Leu (YGGFMRGL) was systematically investigated by incubating the peptide with synaptic membranes from rat striatum or with purified peptidases.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in striatum associated with enkephalin

15) Confidence 0.96 Published 1985 Journal J. Biol. Chem. Section Abstract Doc Link 2982830 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.17

It was assumed that enkephalinase B functions mainly in enkephalin degradation in vivo.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with enkephalin

16) Confidence 0.96 Published 1987 Journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta Section Abstract Doc Link 3297170 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.71

On a cellular basis, enkephalin degradation was four to five times greater with A-NK cells than with splenocytes.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in NK cells associated with enkephalin

17) Confidence 0.96 Published 1993 Journal Brain Behav. Immun. Section Abstract Doc Link 8347898 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.90

These results suggest that potentiation of analgesia by bestatin may be due to the protection against the degradation of kyotorphin and released enkephalin by a membrane-bound aminopeptidase.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with enkephalin and analgesia

18) Confidence 0.96 Published 1985 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 3990513 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.41

The results show that the analgesic effect of anticholinesterases are more likely due to mechanisms other than inhibition of enkephalin degradation.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin associated with analgesic and enkephalin

19) Confidence 0.96 Published 1986 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 3515093 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.67

Based on the assumption that non-opioid systems may mask the activity of opioid analgesia systems, we attempted to either enhance opioid analgesia by: preventing enkephalin degradation by the use of D-phenylalanine; increasing the entry of blood-borne opioids into the brain by the use of DMSO; and the attenuation of non-opioid analgesia by the use of reserpine.

Protein_catabolism (degradation) of enkephalin in brain associated with enkephalin, opioid and analgesia

20) Confidence 0.96 Published 1985 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 3978436 Disease Relevance 0.67 Pain Relevance 2.40

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