INT31905

Context Info Confidence 0.66 First Reported 1985 Last Reported 2008 Negated 1 Speculated 0 Reported most in Abstract Documents 21 Total Number 21 Disease Relevance 3.31 Pain Relevance 18.44

plasma membrane (Oprd1) cytoplasm (Oprd1) signal transducer activity (Oprd1)

Anatomy Link Frequency lateral 2 neurons 2 brain 2 NK cell 2 hippocampus 2 Oprd1 (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat opioid receptor 332 100.00 Opioid 162 100.00 Morphine 121 100.00 mu opioid receptor 19 100.00 cocaine 9 100.00 agonist 77 99.96 Enkephalin 56 99.78 antagonist 55 99.68 Analgesic 27 99.68 addiction 45 99.32

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Targeted Disruption 95 99.84 Epilepsy 14 99.08 Pain 73 98.76 Urological Neuroanatomy 11 96.84 Contracture 2 92.08 Convulsion 15 89.16 Neuroblastoma 2 87.88 Nociception 31 82.28 Opiate Addiction 33 78.84 Bordatella Infection 3 75.00

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Differentiation with retinoic acid increases the levels of opioid receptor binding in the cell line, with the largest elevations in kappa 3 binding.

Positive_regulation (increases) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with opioid receptor

1) Confidence 0.66 Published 1995 Journal J. Neurochem. Section Abstract Doc Link 7790858 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0.51

Enhanced binding of morphine and nalorphine to opioid delta receptor by glucuronate and sulfate conjugations at the 6-position.

Positive_regulation (Enhanced) of opioid delta receptor Binding (binding) of associated with opioid and morphine

2) Confidence 0.50 Published 1987 Journal Life Sci. Section Title Doc Link 3041142 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.87

Structural requirements for dermorphin opioid receptor binding.

Positive_regulation (requirements) of dermorphin opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with opioid receptor

3) Confidence 0.49 Published 1988 Journal Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. Section Title Doc Link 2906053 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.38

Naltrexone disrupts this feedback control by reducing micro opioid receptor function, thereby up-regulating delta opioid receptor binding, which results in an enhanced NK cell cytolytic response to delta opioid receptor ligands.

Positive_regulation (up-regulating) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of in NK cell associated with opioid receptor

4) Confidence 0.40 Published 2004 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15210757 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.74

These results indicate that cocaine-induced turning and its potentiation by mu-opioid receptor agonists are dependent upon the inhibition of dopamine reuptake.

Positive_regulation (cocaine-induced) of opioid receptor Binding (potentiation) of associated with dopamine, agonist, opioid receptor and cocaine

5) Confidence 0.39 Published 1998 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9570458 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 1.44

The effects of maptazinol however only recovered after 72 hr, suggesting that antagonism by naloxonazine of this ligand was irreversible and was mediated through a unique opioid receptor interaction.

Positive_regulation (mediated) of opioid receptor Binding (interaction) of associated with opioid receptor

6) Confidence 0.38 Published 1986 Journal Neuropharmacology Section Abstract Doc Link 3012396 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.87

Chronic opioid antagonist administration upregulates mu opioid receptor binding without altering mu opioid receptor mRNA levels.

Positive_regulation (upregulates) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with antagonist, mu opioid receptor, enkephalin and opioid

7) Confidence 0.38 Published 1995 Journal Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. Section Title Doc Link 8750897 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.83

In contrast, a highly specific decrease in kappa(2)-, but increase in kappa(1)-, opioid receptor binding was noted in the hippocampus of rats in both butorphanol-dependent and-withdrawal groups.

Positive_regulation (increase) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of in hippocampus associated with butorphanol, hippocampus, opioid receptor and withdrawal

8) Confidence 0.30 Published 2002 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 12470863 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 1.85

Other interactions between progesterone and neurotransmitter systems include stimulation of dopamine release in striatal tissue, stimulation of GnRH release from hypothalamic neurons and inhibition of opioid receptor binding and activation.

Positive_regulation (activation) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of in neurons associated with dopamine, neurotransmitter and opioid receptor

9) Confidence 0.30 Published 2003 Journal Maturitas Section Abstract Doc Link 14670648 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.49

Further studies revealed agonist-selective differences in the ability to induce opioid receptor internalization.

Positive_regulation (induce) of opioid receptor Binding (internalization) of associated with agonist and opioid receptor

10) Confidence 0.22 Published 2008 Journal Pharmacol. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 18076994 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 1.54

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that opioid receptor binding is increased throughout the brain in early abstinence from dependent opioid use.

Positive_regulation (increased) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of in brain

11) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal Br J Psychiatry Section Body Doc Link 17602127 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0

Upregulation of opioid receptor binding following spontaneous epileptic seizures.

Positive_regulation (Upregulation) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with epilepsy and opioid receptor

12) Confidence 0.19 Published 2007 Journal Brain Section Title Doc Link 17301080 Disease Relevance 0.47 Pain Relevance 0.42

These studies demonstrate an involvement of the NMDA receptor in the development of kappa-opioid tolerance and suggest that the biochemical consequences of an opioid's interaction with the opioid receptor are not the only factors that contribute to the acute and chronic actions of opioid analgesic drugs.

Positive_regulation (contribute) of opioid receptor Binding (interaction) of associated with analgesic, nmda receptor, tolerance, opioid receptor and opioid

13) Confidence 0.10 Published 1997 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 9045999 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 1.29

In a variety of species including mouse, rat, guinea pig and human, opioid levels and opioid receptor concentration fluctuate during development [11, 316]: universal opioid receptor binding is high during early embryogenesis, decreases towards birth, then gradually increases to adult levels [12, 22, 316].

Positive_regulation (increases) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with opioid receptor and opioid

14) Confidence 0.06 Published 2008 Journal Current Neuropharmacology Section Body Doc Link PMC2647150 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 1.00

Hence, it is suggested that melatonin exerts its analgesic actions not by binding to opioid receptor subtypes but by binding to its own receptors and increasing the release of beta-endorphin.

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (increasing) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with analgesic and opioid receptor

15) Confidence 0.06 Published 2005 Journal Brain Res. Bull. Section Abstract Doc Link 15639542 Disease Relevance 0.13 Pain Relevance 0.88

In general, high levels of opioid receptor binding was seen in the cortical projections of the medial pain system (cingulate and frontal cortex) and a focal lower binding was observed in the primary sensorimotor cortex, a part of the lateral pain system.

Positive_regulation (levels) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of in lateral associated with pain, urological neuroanatomy and opioid receptor

16) Confidence 0.02 Published 2008 Journal Brain Section Body Doc Link PMC2367693 Disease Relevance 0.70 Pain Relevance 1.13

The results of these studies define specific structural features of these compounds responsible for opioid receptor interactions and suggest a possibly novel mechanism for delta receptor activation.

Positive_regulation (responsible) of opioid receptor Binding (interactions) of associated with opioid receptor

17) Confidence 0.01 Published 1996 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 8667189 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.20

The continuous activation of the opioid receptor associated with the development of dependence may induce changes in Ni which in turn prevent the interaction of IAP with its substrate.

Positive_regulation (activation) of opioid receptor Binding (associated) of associated with addiction and opioid receptor

18) Confidence 0.01 Published 1985 Journal Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 4058598 Disease Relevance 0.55 Pain Relevance 0.96

The percent increase of opioid receptor binding in KO mice is between 7.8 and 18% in the ACC [30].

Positive_regulation (increase) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with targeted disruption, opioid receptor and anterior cingulate cortex

19) Confidence 0.01 Published 2008 Journal Mol Pain Section Body Doc Link PMC2569012 Disease Relevance 0.48 Pain Relevance 1.34

Structural requirements for delta opioid receptor binding.

Positive_regulation (requirements) of opioid receptor Binding (binding) of associated with enkephalin and opioid receptor

20) Confidence 0.01 Published 1987 Journal Mol. Pharmacol. Section Title Doc Link 3037296 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.79

General Comments

This test has worked.