INT3892

Context Info Confidence 0.67 First Reported 1977 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 8 Total Number 12 Disease Relevance 8.57 Pain Relevance 1.50

cytosol (XDH) small molecule metabolic process (XDH) extracellular region (XDH) peroxisome (XDH) cytoplasm (XDH)

Anatomy Link Frequency liver 2 plaques 2 grid 1 endothelial cells 1 XDH (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat anesthesia 5 100.00 adenocard 50 99.70 halothane 4 99.20 ischemia 6 93.66 Inflammatory response 5 93.48 cva 25 85.92 cytokine 5 80.96 Inflammation 16 78.72 Dysuria 1 52.76 rheumatoid arthritis 5 36.16

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Fever 295 99.92 Cirrhosis 15 99.84 Hepatotoxicity 6 99.50 Myocardial Infarction 36 98.56 Viral Infection 15 98.36 Hypoxia 9 97.70 Injury 8 97.40 Disease 61 97.20 Coronary Artery Disease 9 94.62 Cv Unclassified Under Development 6 93.66

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Stirpe and co-workers reported that the level of total XOR was significantly higher in liver with virus-related cirrhosis but not in virus-negative cirrhosis, as compared to the controls.35,40,41 The level of XOR was increased in cirrhotic liver, in association with viral infection.

Positive_regulation (increased) of XOR in liver associated with cirrhosis and viral infection

1) Confidence 0.67 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Body Doc Link PMC2910858 Disease Relevance 1.44 Pain Relevance 0.06

We hypothesize that the elevated serum XO activity in patients with CCHF is related to the free radicals generated by the xanthine/XO system.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of serum XO associated with fever

2) Confidence 0.67 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Body Doc Link PMC2910858 Disease Relevance 1.24 Pain Relevance 0.12

The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of ADA-2 (the main source of ADA activity in the serum, which plays crucial roles in immune function) and xanthine oxidase (which increases tissue damage via the formation of free oxygen radicals) in CCHF patients and to compare the results with those obtained for healthy controls.

Positive_regulation (increases) of xanthine oxidase associated with fever

3) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Body Doc Link PMC2910858 Disease Relevance 0.89 Pain Relevance 0.04

Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels were increased in patients with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever.

Positive_regulation (increased) of xanthine oxidase associated with adenocard and fever

4) Confidence 0.45 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2910858 Disease Relevance 0.90 Pain Relevance 0.33

Elevated serum xanthine oxidase activity in patients with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever may be associated with reactive oxygen species generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system during inflammatory responses.

Positive_regulation (Elevated) of xanthine oxidase associated with inflammatory response and fever

5) Confidence 0.45 Published 2010 Journal Clinics (Sao Paulo) Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2910858 Disease Relevance 0.90 Pain Relevance 0.33

The hepatotoxicity was demonstrated by the elevation in the serum activity of xanthine oxidase, a highly sensitive marker for acute liver damage.

Positive_regulation (elevation) of xanthine oxidase in liver associated with hepatotoxicity

6) Confidence 0.44 Published 1977 Journal Experientia Section Abstract Doc Link 908414 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.16

Elevation of serum xanthine oxidase activity following halothane anesthesia in man.

Positive_regulation (Elevation) of xanthine oxidase associated with anesthesia and halothane

7) Confidence 0.44 Published 1977 Journal Experientia Section Title Doc Link 908414 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0.30

Despite this, the activity of endothelial bound XO is increased by more than 200% in patients with CHF.36 Furthermore, studies using electron spin resonance have demonstrated that endothelial oxygen tension is thought to regulate XO activity at a post-translational level as demonstrated by a doubling in XOR activity post exposure to hypoxia without any increase in mRNA expression for 24 hours in bovine aortic endothelial cells.37 Cells produce a marked elevation in XO levels when exposed to ischemia38 and XDH conversion to XO is also accelerated in hypoxia.39 When infused acutely, XO produces a marked decrease in cardiac contractility, cardiac index and left ventricular systolic pressure.40 In atherosclerotic plaques, urate levels are found to be elevated six-fold, reflecting accelerated purine oxidation within these plaques.

Positive_regulation (increased) of XO in plaques associated with atherosclerotic plaque, hypoxia and myocardial infarction

8) Confidence 0.35 Published 2009 Journal Vascular Health and Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2672460 Disease Relevance 0.83 Pain Relevance 0.04

Despite this, the activity of endothelial bound XO is increased by more than 200% in patients with CHF.36 Furthermore, studies using electron spin resonance have demonstrated that endothelial oxygen tension is thought to regulate XO activity at a post-translational level as demonstrated by a doubling in XOR activity post exposure to hypoxia without any increase in mRNA expression for 24 hours in bovine aortic endothelial cells.37 Cells produce a marked elevation in XO levels when exposed to ischemia38 and XDH conversion to XO is also accelerated in hypoxia.39 When infused acutely, XO produces a marked decrease in cardiac contractility, cardiac index and left ventricular systolic pressure.40 In atherosclerotic plaques, urate levels are found to be elevated six-fold, reflecting accelerated purine oxidation within these plaques.

Positive_regulation (elevation) of XO in plaques associated with atherosclerotic plaque, hypoxia and myocardial infarction

9) Confidence 0.35 Published 2009 Journal Vascular Health and Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2672460 Disease Relevance 0.77 Pain Relevance 0.03

, lipo-polysaccharides as well as steroid treatment have been shown to upregulate transcription.16 XO is significantly elevated in a variety of conditions including limb ischemia,30 major surgery31 coronary artery disease (CAD)32 and heart failure.33 Circulating XO binds to glycosaminoglycans on the surface of endothelial cells where it is thought it acquires modified kinetics (higher Km and Ki, oxidant producing capacity, and increased stability).34 There are suggestions that this form of induced, circulating and depositing XO appears to be more important in the pathogenesis of endothelial injury compared with XO constitutively produced from endothelial cells.35

Positive_regulation (induced) of XO in endothelial cells associated with coronary artery disease, ischemia, injury and myocardial infarction

10) Confidence 0.35 Published 2009 Journal Vascular Health and Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2672460 Disease Relevance 0.70 Pain Relevance 0.05

The inefficiency increases with the size of the grid; for example an XOR-grid of a million elements is needed to generate 1000 bits of integrated information. ?

Positive_regulation (needed) of XOR-grid in grid

11) Confidence 0.30 Published 2008 Journal PLoS Computational Biology Section Body Doc Link PMC2386970 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

A single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the cat XDH gene strongly indicated that the XDH gene of the patient cat was composed of two kinds of alleles and ruled out the hypothesis that the cat inherited the same recessive XDH allele suggesting no activity from a single ancestor.

Positive_regulation (inherited) of XDH

12) Confidence 0.15 Published 2007 Journal J. Feline Med. Surg. Section Abstract Doc Link 17576085 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.05

General Comments

This test has worked.