INT41874

Context Info Confidence 0.49 First Reported 1983 Last Reported 2010 Negated 1 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 9 Total Number 16 Disease Relevance 9.97 Pain Relevance 2.79

isomerase activity (GPI) small molecule metabolic process (GPI) carbohydrate metabolic process (GPI) cytoplasm (GPI) cytosol (GPI) extracellular space (GPI)

Anatomy Link Frequency endothelial cell 1 putamen 1 T cells 1 GPI (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat gABA 2 100.00 rheumatoid arthritis 96 99.56 cytokine 314 98.82 Inflammatory response 24 98.60 deep brain stimulation 456 98.42 palliative 18 96.12 Inflammation 301 95.60 Arthritis 8 91.60 Dopamine 65 84.56 agonist 1 83.84

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Infection 124 100.00 Disease 810 99.86 Malaria 422 99.84 Hypokinesia 40 99.70 Rheumatoid Arthritis 96 99.56 Parkinson's Disease 231 98.96 INFLAMMATION 327 98.60 Parasitemia 14 98.12 Anti-phospholipid Antibody Syndrome 6 96.80 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Or Hiv Infection 41 96.32

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Key:

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Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

This case series supports that elevated IgA anti-beta(2)GPI antibody titres may identify additional patients who have clinical features of APS but who do not meet current diagnostic criteria.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of GPI associated with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

1) Confidence 0.49 Published 2009 Journal Lupus Section Abstract Doc Link 19762404 Disease Relevance 0.97 Pain Relevance 0.19

To better deal with the bradykinesia and rigidity, stimulation of the GPi and STN became the preferred targets.

Positive_regulation (stimulation) of GPi associated with hypokinesia

2) Confidence 0.44 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0.84 Pain Relevance 0.40

By applying DBS, the fluctuations that the TC cell receives are decreased, despite an overall increase in GPi-cell firing.

Positive_regulation (increase) of GPi associated with deep brain stimulation

3) Confidence 0.44 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0.22 Pain Relevance 0.09

So, if increasing the frequency of GPi activity through stimulation of the STN had the same effect as burning a hole in the GPi, the reason had to lie in the dynamics of the effect of increasing the firing rate of the GPi.

Positive_regulation (increasing) of GPi

4) Confidence 0.44 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.17

In post-mortem samples from LD-treated parkinsonian patients, increased preproenkephalin expression in the putamen and increased GABA(A) receptors content in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) are found in dyskinetic parkinsonian patients compared to non-dyskinetic patients.

Positive_regulation (increased) of GPi in putamen associated with parkinson's disease and gaba

5) Confidence 0.40 Published 2002 Journal Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. Section Abstract Doc Link 12217634 Disease Relevance 0.80 Pain Relevance 0.21

So, if increasing the frequency of GPi activity through stimulation of the STN had the same effect as burning a hole in the GPi, the reason had to lie in the dynamics of the effect of increasing the firing rate of the GPi.

Positive_regulation (increasing) of GPi

6) Confidence 0.37 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.21

We have evidence of excessive activity of the GPi in Parkinson’s disease, but stimulation of the STN should further increase the GPi activity.

Positive_regulation (increase) of GPi associated with disease

7) Confidence 0.37 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0.38 Pain Relevance 0.19

AP and PHI frequently became elevated only in very advanced disease, their elevation supported the clinical evidence of progression.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of PHI associated with disease

8) Confidence 0.34 Published 1983 Journal Cancer Detect. Prev. Section Abstract Doc Link 6197167 Disease Relevance 1.14 Pain Relevance 0.16

These examples envision direct stimulation of GPi, and our results are consistent with those of Pirini et al. (2008) demonstrating that open-loop stimulation of GPi can be a strong suppressor of thalamic activity (figure 13).

Positive_regulation (stimulation) of GPi

9) Confidence 0.34 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0.04

Note that w increases when the GPi current increases in figure 13a(iii) (solid black line).

Positive_regulation (increases) of GPi

10) Confidence 0.32 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.06

DBS of the GPi or STN has almost identical effects on the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease as do lesions of the GPi or STN.

Positive_regulation (lesions) of GPi associated with deep brain stimulation and disease

11) Confidence 0.32 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944387 Disease Relevance 0.39 Pain Relevance 0.17

Immunohistochemistry of synovia from RA patients showed high concentrations of GPI on the surface of the synovial lining and on the endothelial cell surface of arterioles [40].

Positive_regulation (concentrations) of GPI in endothelial cell associated with rheumatoid arthritis

12) Confidence 0.07 Published 2002 Journal Arthritis Res Section Body Doc Link PMC128920 Disease Relevance 1.13 Pain Relevance 0.46

However, by analyzing a GPI-PLC null mutant trypanosome it was shown that the GPI-PLC is not essential and is not necessary for antigenic variation, though it influences parasitemia in mice [164].

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (necessary) of GPI associated with parasitemia

13) Confidence 0.04 Published 2010 Journal Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Section Body Doc Link PMC2826769 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0

However, despite recent reaffirmation of the GPI/cytokine/disease concept [69], the group that first suggested that GPI was the main TNF inducer in malaria appear to have recently [25] changed their disease model to one that eliminates a requirement for inflammatory cytokines.

Positive_regulation (inducer) of GPI associated with malaria, inflammation, disease and cytokine

14) Confidence 0.03 Published 2006 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC1629020 Disease Relevance 0.98 Pain Relevance 0.33

Indeed, this study reports having established that GPI appears sufficient and necessary for the induction by malarial parasites of host pro-inflammatory responses in vitro.

Positive_regulation (induction) of GPI associated with inflammatory response

15) Confidence 0.03 Published 2006 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC1629020 Disease Relevance 0.57 Pain Relevance 0.12

Second, the existing literature suggests an extensive loss of intestinal mucosal CD4+ T cells associated with an increase of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells during PHI [10].

Positive_regulation (increase) of PHI in T cells associated with infection

16) Confidence 0.02 Published 2010 Journal J Med Case Reports Section Body Doc Link PMC2933633 Disease Relevance 2.34 Pain Relevance 0

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