INT462

Context Info Confidence 0.62 First Reported 1976 Last Reported 2011 Negated 30 Speculated 8 Reported most in Abstract Documents 157 Total Number 167 Disease Relevance 41.67 Pain Relevance 67.27

signal transduction (Pomc) generation of precursor metabolites and energy (Pomc) extracellular space (Pomc) extracellular region (Pomc) cell-cell signaling (Pomc) cytoplasm (Pomc)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 33 pituitary 10 brain 8 melanocyte 5 arcuate nucleus 3 Pomc (Mus musculus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat antagonist 321 100.00 medulla 252 100.00 Morphine 188 100.00 Central nervous system 127 100.00 narcan 122 100.00 Opioid 108 100.00 Enkephalin 90 100.00 Pain 74 100.00 analgesia 69 100.00 Cholecystokinin 68 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Stress 546 100.00 Appetite Loss 88 100.00 Cancer 73 100.00 Pain 63 100.00 Shock 49 100.00 Nociception 10 100.00 Necrosis 7 100.00 Poisoning 3 100.00 Labor Pain 2 99.98 Weight Gain 41 99.96

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

The effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on morphine-induced analgesia, tolerance and dependence was investigated by administering alpha-MSH by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to mice 15 min before morphine administration. alpha-MSH antagonized morphine-induced analgesia at doses lower than that necessary to demonstrate hyperalgesia.

Regulation (effect) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in melanocyte associated with addiction, hyperalgesia, tolerance, intracerebroventricular, analgesia and morphine

1) Confidence 0.62 Published 1984 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 6323687 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 1.21

The effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on morphine-induced analgesia, tolerance and dependence was investigated by administering alpha-MSH by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to mice 15 min before morphine administration. alpha-MSH antagonized morphine-induced analgesia at doses lower than that necessary to demonstrate hyperalgesia.

Regulation (effect) of alpha-MSH in melanocyte associated with addiction, hyperalgesia, tolerance, intracerebroventricular, analgesia and morphine

2) Confidence 0.62 Published 1984 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 6323687 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 1.22

Hormonal regulation of POMC27* and POMC was identical in the hypothalamus and pituitary.

Regulation (regulation) of POMC27 in hypothalamus

3) Confidence 0.62 Published 1998 Journal J. Neurosci. Section Abstract Doc Link 9712635 Disease Relevance 0.21 Pain Relevance 0

Ablation of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cells produces alterations in hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels and midbrain mu opioid receptor binding in a conditional transgenic mouse model.

Regulation (alterations) of POMC mRNA in midbrain associated with targeted disruption, mu opioid receptor and midbrain

4) Confidence 0.62 Published 2001 Journal J. Neuroendocrinol. Section Title Doc Link 11578531 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0.23

Lymphocyte-mediated regulation of beta-endorphin in the myenteric plexus.

Regulation (regulation) of beta-endorphin in Lymphocyte

5) Confidence 0.60 Published 2007 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. Section Title Doc Link 16959949 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.56

Hormonal regulation of POMC27* and POMC was identical in the hypothalamus and pituitary.

Regulation (regulation) of POMC in hypothalamus

6) Confidence 0.60 Published 1998 Journal J. Neurosci. Section Abstract Doc Link 9712635 Disease Relevance 0.21 Pain Relevance 0

Chronic treatment of rats with morphine by implantation of pellets over a period of 10 days resulted in a differential alteration of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in individual pituitary lobes: Hybridisation studies using a 32P-labelled mouse POMC cDNA fragment of 150 bases as a probe revealed that chronic morphine treatment causes about 50% enhancement of POMC mRNA levels in the anterior lobe and about 40% decrease in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary.

Regulation (alteration) of POMC in anterior lobe associated with morphine

7) Confidence 0.60 Published 1985 Journal Neuropeptides Section Abstract Doc Link 4000418 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.33

To analyze the transcriptional regulation of POMC in neuronal and endocrine cells, we produced transgenic mice carrying POMC27*, a transgene containing the entire 6 kb of the POMC transcriptional unit together with 13 kb of 5' flanking regions and 8 kb of 3' flanking regions.

Spec (analyze) Regulation (regulation) of POMC in endocrine cells associated with targeted disruption

8) Confidence 0.60 Published 1998 Journal J. Neurosci. Section Abstract Doc Link 9712635 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.09

Together these studies demonstrate the wide variety of hormonal, metabolic, and transsynaptic signals that converge on the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius to regulate the activity of POMC neurons.

Regulation (regulate) of POMC in nucleus

9) Confidence 0.60 Published 2004 Journal J. Endocrinol. Invest. Section Abstract Doc Link 15481808 Disease Relevance 0.40 Pain Relevance 0.10

Pretreatment with oxytocin receptor antagonist centrally had no effect on ACTH responses to stress in either virgin or pregnant mice.

Neg (no) Regulation (effect) of ACTH associated with stress and antagonist

10) Confidence 0.60 Published 2003 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 12960085 Disease Relevance 0.49 Pain Relevance 0.33

CONCLUSIONS: D2R plays a critical role in the inhibitory regulation of endocrine cell proliferation and the transcription of POMC mRNA, and consequently in the regulation of alpha-MSH in plasma.

Regulation (regulation) of alpha-MSH in endocrine cell

11) Confidence 0.58 Published 1996 Journal Genes Cells Section Body Doc Link 9140068 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Idazoxan significantly enhanced the ACTH and cortisol responses to naloxone but had no effect on plasma ACTH or cortisol concentrations when given alone.

Neg (no) Regulation (effect) of ACTH in plasma associated with narcan

12) Confidence 0.58 Published 1990 Journal Neuroendocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 1968233 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.55

Hormonal regulation of beta-endorphin in the testis.

Regulation (regulation) of beta-endorphin in testis

13) Confidence 0.58 Published 1988 Journal J. Steroid Biochem. Section Title Doc Link 2838695 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.25

Hypothalamic expression levels of peptides known to be involved in appetite regulation, such as NPY, POMC, and AGRP, are changed upon food deprivation, and neurons expressing these molecules are essential components in the control of energy homeostasis [8].

Regulation (regulation) of POMC in neurons associated with appetite loss

14) Confidence 0.56 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2827556 Disease Relevance 1.28 Pain Relevance 0

Effects of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and dynorphin A on basal and stimulated insulin secretion in the mouse.

Regulation (Effects) of beta-endorphin associated with dynorphin and enkephalin

15) Confidence 0.55 Published 1989 Journal Int. J. Pancreatol. Section Title Doc Link 2574736 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.86

Intravenous injections of the ribosome inactivating protein trichosanthin did not affect methionine enkephalin and beta-endorphin levels in the mouse brain and pituitary.

Neg (not) Regulation (affect) of beta-endorphin in brain associated with enkephalin

16) Confidence 0.55 Published 1996 Journal Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. Section Title Doc Link 8866015 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.39

While naltrexone reduced the levels of ob/ob pituitary towards normal, no effect on beta-endorphin levels in pituitary of lean mice was obtained.

Neg (no) Regulation (effect) of beta-endorphin in pituitary

17) Confidence 0.55 Published 1980 Journal Peptides Section Abstract Doc Link 6272240 Disease Relevance 0.70 Pain Relevance 0.55

CONCLUSION: Substance-partitioned moxibustion has obvious therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold-damp stagnation type, which is carried out possibly through regulating the plasma beta-endorphin content as one of the mechanisms.

Regulation (regulating) of beta-endorphin in plasma

18) Confidence 0.52 Published 2008 Journal Zhongguo Zhen Jiu Section Body Doc Link 18972726 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0

Neither endephalin had any effect on beta-endorphin analgesia.

Regulation (effect) of beta-endorphin associated with analgesia

19) Confidence 0.49 Published 1980 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 7190925 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 1.71

Effects of intravenous beta-endorphin on body temperature and body weight loss were studied in naive and morphine-dependent mice. beta-Endorphin at doses 2.6-25.5 mg/kg injected intravenously caused hyperthermia in naive mice as well as in morphine-dependent mice.

Regulation (Effects) of beta-endorphin in body associated with weight loss, body weight, fever and morphine

20) Confidence 0.45 Published 1980 Journal Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 6254893 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0.38

General Comments

This test has worked.