INT4711

Context Info Confidence 0.62 First Reported 1976 Last Reported 2010 Negated 5 Speculated 1 Reported most in Body Documents 17 Total Number 21 Disease Relevance 2.36 Pain Relevance 4.26

signal transduction (ELK3) mitochondrion (ELK3) nucleolus (ELK3) nucleus (ELK3)

Anatomy Link Frequency sinus 2 face 2 amygdala 2 dorsal 1 Section 3 1 ELK3 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat action potential duration 84 100.00 amygdala 397 99.74 lidocaine 55 99.72 Anterior cingulate 78 98.00 ischemia 2 94.04 Somatosensory cortex 33 88.76 tetrodotoxin 4 82.08 insula 33 81.84 Migraine 2 75.00 depression 2 72.08

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Anxiety Disorder 133 100.00 Infarction 4 94.60 Cv Unclassified Under Development 10 94.04 Arrhythmia Under Development 52 86.32 Recurrence 9 81.76 Arrhythmias 2 Under Development 23 81.12 Ventricular Tachycardia 15 80.64 Headache 2 75.00 Depression 2 72.08 Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome 11 57.88

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

The latency of the P300 ERP was unaffected by zolmitriptan and there was no clinically significant effect on the EEG.

Neg (unaffected) Regulation (unaffected) of P300 ERP

1) Confidence 0.62 Published 1999 Journal Cephalalgia Section Abstract Doc Link 10214535 Disease Relevance 0.14 Pain Relevance 0.14

When attention was directed away from face stimuli towards the perceptually difficult central line discrimination task, the presence of emotional versus neutral faces had no effect whatsoever on ERP waveforms, and this was the case for each of the six basic emotions studied (see Eimer et al., 2003, for more details).

Neg (no) Regulation (effect) of ERP in face

2) Confidence 0.53 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

For example, Vuilleumier, Armony, Driver, and Dolan (2001) have identified a dorsal region of the anterior cingulate, which showed greater activation when emotional faces were attended, analogous to our finding that ERP effects of emotional expression are strongly affected by attention.

Regulation (affected) of ERP in dorsal associated with anterior cingulate

3) Confidence 0.53 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.05 Pain Relevance 0.27

Given the assumed preference of amygdala and connected structures for LSF information, driven by magnocellular afferents, we have recently conducted a study (Holmes, Winston, & Eimer, 2005) to investigate whether effects of emotional facial expression on ERP waveforms would show a similar selectivity.

Spec (whether) Regulation (effects) of ERP in amygdala associated with amygdala

4) Confidence 0.44 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0.09

During sinus rhythm ERP/CL was unchanged.

Neg (unchanged) Regulation (unchanged) of ERP in sinus

5) Confidence 0.39 Published 1976 Journal Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 1277706 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0.64

In our initial study (Eimer & Holmes, 2002), we only studied the effects of fear on ERP waveforms.

Regulation (effects) of ERP associated with anxiety disorder

6) Confidence 0.39 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.22 Pain Relevance 0.11

The ERP studies presented in this section have demonstrated that emotion-specific ERP modulations are strongly dependent on spatial attention.

Regulation (dependent) of ERP

7) Confidence 0.39 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.03

This observation casts further doubt on the hypothesis that rapid amygdala signals are responsible for these ERP effects.

Regulation (responsible) of ERP in amygdala associated with amygdala

8) Confidence 0.39 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.14 Pain Relevance 0.19

Lidocaine caused no significant change in ERP or FRP during ventricular or atrial drive, or sinus rhythm with unchanged cycle length (CL).

Neg (no) Regulation (change) of ERP in sinus associated with lidocaine

9) Confidence 0.24 Published 1976 Journal Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 1277706 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0.63

In fact, several recent studies have reported systematically different ERP modulations in response to different emotional expressions (e.g., Batty & Taylor, 2003; Pourtois, Grandjean, Sander, & Vuilleumier, 2004).

Regulation (modulations) of ERP

10) Confidence 0.23 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

To investigate whether different emotional facial expressions give rise to distinct modulations of ERP waveforms, or whether similar emotional expression effects can be observed for all basic emotional expressions, we conducted an experiment where ERP responses elicited by six basic emotional facial expressions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, see Ekman & Friesen, 1976) were directly compared (Eimer, Holmes, & McGlone, 2003).

Regulation (modulations) of ERP associated with anxiety disorder

11) Confidence 0.23 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.11

Overall, our findings that ERP modulations in response to emotional faces were triggered in a very similar fashion for all basic facial expressions, were not selectively driven by low spatial frequency information, but were strongly modulated by attention all suggest that these effects are elicited during stages in the processing of emotional information that are located beyond the initial rapid and automatic classification of emotional content.

Regulation (modulations) of ERP in faces

12) Confidence 0.23 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.16

To investigate whether different emotional facial expressions give rise to distinct modulations of ERP waveforms, or whether similar emotional expression effects can be observed for all basic emotional expressions, we conducted an experiment where ERP responses elicited by six basic emotional facial expressions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, see Ekman & Friesen, 1976) were directly compared (Eimer, Holmes, & McGlone, 2003).

Regulation (responses) of ERP associated with anxiety disorder

13) Confidence 0.23 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.10

Section 3 will review ERP modulations triggered by other basic emotional expressions.

Regulation (modulations) of ERP in Section 3

14) Confidence 0.23 Published 2007 Journal Neuropsychologia Section Body Doc Link PMC2383989 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

This APD prolongation is associated with a comparable prolongation of the ERP.11 Unlike drugs with “pure” class III effect (eg, d-sotalol, dofetilide), the effect of amiodarone on APD and ERP is not reverse-use dependent, and the effect is preserved at high heart rates.14

Regulation (effect) of ERP in heart associated with action potential duration

15) Confidence 0.19 Published 2010 Journal Vascular Health and Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2922307 Disease Relevance 0.53 Pain Relevance 0.26

Nevertheless, K-ras mutation screening may increase the sensitivity of FNA and ERP cytology and may be useful in identifying pancreatitis patients at high risk for developing cancer, and as a adjunct with cytology to differentiate pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis.

Regulation (sensitivity) of ERP

16) Confidence 0.12 Published 2004 Journal World J. Gastroenterol. Section Body Doc Link 14966900 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0

As a result, ERP components typically affected by affective picture processing ([18-23] did not differ, and especially did not differ between genders.

Regulation (affected) of ERP

17) Confidence 0.11 Published 2008 Journal BMC Neurosci Section Body Doc Link PMC2453130 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Class I drugs have been traditionally subdivided into three categories—Ia, Ib and Ic—according to their kinetics of action (intermediate, fast and slow, respectively; Trevor & Katzung 2003) and also their different effects on the effective refractory period (ERP): class Ib drugs markedly depressed ERP (and shortened APD), whereas Ic drugs had minor effects on ERP and the Ia subgroup moderately prolonged ERP (and APD; Campbell 1983).

Regulation (effects) of ERP associated with action potential duration

18) Confidence 0.06 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944395 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.30

Class I drugs have been traditionally subdivided into three categories—Ia, Ib and Ic—according to their kinetics of action (intermediate, fast and slow, respectively; Trevor & Katzung 2003) and also their different effects on the effective refractory period (ERP): class Ib drugs markedly depressed ERP (and shortened APD), whereas Ic drugs had minor effects on ERP and the Ia subgroup moderately prolonged ERP (and APD; Campbell 1983).

Regulation (effects) of ERP associated with action potential duration

19) Confidence 0.06 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944395 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.30

Class I drugs have been traditionally subdivided into three categories—Ia, Ib and Ic—according to their kinetics of action (intermediate, fast and slow, respectively; Trevor & Katzung 2003) and also their different effects on the effective refractory period (ERP): class Ib drugs markedly depressed ERP (and shortened APD), whereas Ic drugs had minor effects on ERP and the Ia subgroup moderately prolonged ERP (and APD; Campbell 1983).

Regulation (effects) of ERP associated with action potential duration

20) Confidence 0.06 Published 2010 Journal Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Section Body Doc Link PMC2944395 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.30

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