INT49750

Context Info Confidence 0.58 First Reported 1995 Last Reported 2011 Negated 3 Speculated 17 Reported most in Abstract Documents 735 Total Number 754 Disease Relevance 360.06 Pain Relevance 274.19

mitochondrion (CPOX) small molecule metabolic process (CPOX) oxidoreductase activity (CPOX) cytoplasm (CPOX)

Anatomy Link Frequency platelet 28 blood 18 plasma 12 colon 10 kidney 6 CPOX (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat cINOD 8009 100.00 COX-2 inhibitor 2347 100.00 aspirin 2303 100.00 diclofenac 2015 99.98 licofelone 598 99.98 Paracetamol 342 99.98 dexamethasone 75 99.98 Inflammation 5465 99.96 acular 263 99.96 ischemia 62 99.96

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat INFLAMMATION 7257 100.00 Injury 610 99.96 Cv Unclassified Under Development 47 99.96 Pain 1836 99.92 Leg Ulcer 6 99.92 Hyperalgesia 334 99.90 Disease 3380 99.84 Osteoarthritis 2914 99.84 Cancer 2556 99.84 Toxicity 1096 99.84

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Although the S(+)-enantiomer is capable of inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) at clinically relevant concentrations, R(-)-ibuprofen is not a COX inhibitor.

Negative_regulation (inhibiting) of COX

1) Confidence 0.58 Published 2001 Journal Clin. Rheumatol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11771573 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.15

There is the possibility that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect bone health by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes which reduce synthesis of prostaglandins.

Negative_regulation (inhibiting) of COX associated with inflammation and cinod

2) Confidence 0.57 Published 2009 Journal Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Section Abstract Doc Link 19601876 Disease Relevance 0.55 Pain Relevance 0.57

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to induce analgesia mainly via inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX).

Negative_regulation (inhibition) of COX associated with inflammation, cinod and analgesia

3) Confidence 0.57 Published 2004 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 15109518 Disease Relevance 0.41 Pain Relevance 0.82

Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) selectivity of COX inhibitors.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX associated with cox1

4) Confidence 0.57 Published 2008 Journal Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids Section Title Doc Link 18280718 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.17

We tested the hypothesis that acute inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostanoid synthesis, impairs baroreflex regulation of cardiac period (R-R interval) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in humans and augments pressor reactivity.

Negative_regulation (inhibition) of COX in nerve

5) Confidence 0.53 Published 2005 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15486039 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.11

Thus, it is possible that the lower rates of some cancers in populations with a high intake of dietary isoflavones is linked to their inhibition of COX activity.

Negative_regulation (inhibition) of COX associated with cancer

6) Confidence 0.52 Published 2004 Journal Nutr Cancer Section Abstract Doc Link 15456640 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0.05

Using 2 separate cell assays, this study examined the ability of the isoflavones found in red clover to inhibit COX enzyme activity in both the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and human monocytes.

Spec (examined) Negative_regulation (inhibit) of COX enzyme in RAW 264

7) Confidence 0.52 Published 2004 Journal Nutr Cancer Section Abstract Doc Link 15456640 Disease Relevance 0.30 Pain Relevance 0.07

There is an ongoing debate about possible advantages of the coadministration of caffeine with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in the treatment of pain.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX associated with pain

8) Confidence 0.52 Published 2003 Journal Pharmacology Section Abstract Doc Link 12566850 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.10

COX inhibitors may not only act on microglial and astroglial cells but also reduce neuronal prostaglandin production.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX in neuronal

9) Confidence 0.48 Published 2000 Journal Expert Opin Investig Drugs Section Abstract Doc Link 11060701 Disease Relevance 1.33 Pain Relevance 0.72

NSAIDs produce both analgesia and toxic adverse effects primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), thereby decreasing the production of prostaglandins that signal inflammation and pain as well as mediate physiologic functions such as platelet aggregation, gastric protection, and electrolyte balance in the kidney.

Negative_regulation (inhibiting) of COX in kidney associated with pain, inflammation, cinod and analgesia

10) Confidence 0.47 Published 2005 Journal J. Vet. Intern. Med. Section Abstract Doc Link 16231707 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.90

NSAIDs are known to inhibit COX, suggesting that the beneficial effect of NSAIDs in colon cancer may be related to COX overexpression in this disease.

Negative_regulation (inhibit) of COX in colon associated with colon cancer, cinod and disease

11) Confidence 0.46 Published 1998 Journal J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Section Abstract Doc Link 9521170 Disease Relevance 0.90 Pain Relevance 0.43

Celecoxib is primarily an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 and, at therapeutic concentrations in humans, does not inhibit the COX-1 isoenzyme.

Negative_regulation (inhibitor) of COX

12) Confidence 0.46 Published 1999 Journal Clin Ther Section Abstract Doc Link 10645754 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0.07

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit COX enzymes have been shown in vivo and in vitro to alter the growth patterns of intestinal epithelial cells, and specific COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to decrease mitogenesis in intestinal epithelial cells.

Negative_regulation (inhibit) of COX in epithelial cells associated with inflammation, cinod and cox-2 inhibitor

13) Confidence 0.43 Published 2000 Journal Carcinogenesis Section Abstract Doc Link 10874020 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.15

The mechanism by which COX inhibitors exert their analgesic effect is well established.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX associated with analgesic

14) Confidence 0.43 Published 2005 Journal Rheumatology (Oxford) Section Abstract Doc Link 15855183 Disease Relevance 0.22 Pain Relevance 0.45

Although the S(+)-enantiomer is capable of inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) at clinically relevant concentrations, R(-)-ibuprofen is not a COX inhibitor.

Neg (not) Negative_regulation (inhibitor) of COX

15) Confidence 0.42 Published 2001 Journal Clin. Rheumatol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11771573 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.14

Using key words such as bone, bone marker, bone mineral density, NSAIDs, COX inhibitor, bone metabolism and search engines like Web of sciences, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google scholar, all relevant studies were collected.

Negative_regulation (inhibitor) of COX associated with cinod

16) Confidence 0.42 Published 2009 Journal Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets Section Abstract Doc Link 19601876 Disease Relevance 0.49 Pain Relevance 0.61

Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) selectivity of COX inhibitors.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX associated with cox1

17) Confidence 0.42 Published 2008 Journal Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids Section Title Doc Link 18280718 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.17

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX activity and have antitumorigenic properties.

Negative_regulation (inhibit) of COX associated with inflammation and cinod

18) Confidence 0.42 Published 2005 Journal Exp. Cell Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 15561105 Disease Relevance 0.34 Pain Relevance 0.25

Unlike the selective COX inhibitors 1-[(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-5-[(4-fluoro)phenyl]pyraz ole (SC 58125) and (2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide (NS 398) that inhibit COX-2 catalytic activity, these antioxidants decreased COX-2 expression at the transcriptional level.

Negative_regulation (inhibit) of COX

19) Confidence 0.42 Published 1998 Journal Cancer Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 9622066 Disease Relevance 0.60 Pain Relevance 0.06

As a result, data available on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2/5- lipoxygenase (LOX) selectivity of COX inhibitors lack consistency.

Negative_regulation (inhibitors) of COX

20) Confidence 0.42 Published 2008 Journal Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids Section Abstract Doc Link 18280718 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.07

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