INT5058

Context Info Confidence 0.70 First Reported 1984 Last Reported 2011 Negated 13 Speculated 12 Reported most in Abstract Documents 356 Total Number 368 Disease Relevance 245.75 Pain Relevance 60.52

Anatomy Link Frequency T-cell 17 macrophages 8 poly 6 lymphocytes 5 mononuclear cells 4 IFNA1 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat cytokine 4348 100.00 rheumatoid arthritis 4293 100.00 Inflammation 3369 100.00 opioid receptor 10 100.00 chemokine 1021 99.92 agonist 361 99.92 metalloproteinase 467 99.88 psoriasis 238 99.88 Paracetamol 384 99.76 Sicca syndrome 200 99.76

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Infection 6178 100.00 Rheumatoid Arthritis 4300 100.00 Cancer 3603 100.00 INFLAMMATION 3601 100.00 Dengue 1076 100.00 Renal Cancer 522 100.00 Necrosis 443 100.00 Hypersensitivity 173 100.00 Papillomavirus Infection 107 100.00 Skin Cancer 476 99.98

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Murabutide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamine-O-n-butyl-ester) (ISTAC Biotechnology, Lille, France) is a safe synthetic and clinically acceptable immunomodulator that enhances the biologic activities of IFN-alpha in different experimental models.

Positive_regulation (enhances) of IFN-alpha

1) Confidence 0.70 Published 2001 Journal J. Interferon Cytokine Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 11576459 Disease Relevance 0.33 Pain Relevance 0.26

Imiquimod (1-(2-methylpropyl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine) and its analogues are a class of non-nucleoside imidazoquinolinamines (hetero-cyclic amine) that activate the immune system through localised induction of cytokines, such as IFN-alpha, -beta, and a number of endogenous interleukins.

Positive_regulation (induction) of IFN-alpha in immune system associated with cytokine

2) Confidence 0.67 Published 2001 Journal Expert Opin Pharmacother Section Abstract Doc Link 12219723 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.09

In this regard, it has been reported that fragments of gD can induce an IFN-?

Positive_regulation (induce) of IFN

3) Confidence 0.67 Published 2010 Journal The Open Virology Journal Section Body Doc Link PMC2936037 Disease Relevance 1.28 Pain Relevance 0.16

The induction of endogenous interferon (IFN) was studied in 28 cases of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a severe systemic disease caused by Junin virus.

Positive_regulation (induction) of interferon associated with arenavirus infection, disease and fever

4) Confidence 0.60 Published 1984 Journal J. Infect. Dis. Section Abstract Doc Link 6232326 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0

The induction of endogenous interferon (IFN) was studied in 28 cases of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a severe systemic disease caused by Junin virus.

Positive_regulation (induction) of IFN associated with arenavirus infection, disease and fever

5) Confidence 0.60 Published 1984 Journal J. Infect. Dis. Section Abstract Doc Link 6232326 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0

No consistent induction of interferon and no major modification of host defense parameters occurred.

Neg (No) Positive_regulation (induction) of interferon

6) Confidence 0.59 Published 1986 Journal J Biol Response Mod Section Abstract Doc Link 2426417 Disease Relevance 1.00 Pain Relevance 0.24

Exposure of ECs to the NO donor, SNAP, before the addition of LPS + IFN, blocked iNOS induction, whereas preincubation of ECs with inhibitors of NOS, before morphine or anandamide exposure, restored LPS + IFN induction of iNOS, suggesting a direct impact of NO on the regulation of iNOS activity.

Positive_regulation (induction) of IFN in ECs associated with morphine

7) Confidence 0.56 Published 1998 Journal J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9641464 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.63

Naloxone blocks the interferon-alpha induced changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity.

Positive_regulation (induced) of interferon-alpha in neuronal associated with narcan

8) Confidence 0.50 Published 1987 Journal Neurosci. Lett. Section Title Doc Link 3696505 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.31

Eight patients with advanced, previously treated non-small cell lung cancer inhaled natural leukocyte interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) from a dosimeter-equipped jet nebulizer.

Positive_regulation (inhaled) of IFN in leukocyte associated with lung cancer

9) Confidence 0.50 Published 1989 Journal J. Interferon Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 2546997 Disease Relevance 0.31 Pain Relevance 0.06

Serum IFN was undetectable after single doses of 1 x 10(6) to 18 x 10(6) IU, but 60 x 10(6) IU resulted in measurable levels of circulating IFN in 3 out of 6 patients.

Positive_regulation (levels) of IFN

10) Confidence 0.50 Published 1989 Journal J. Interferon Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 2546997 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.08

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1beta IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in 39 patients with lumbar disc herniation and sciatica.

Positive_regulation (concentrations) of IFN in CSF associated with necrosis, cancer and sciatica

11) Confidence 0.49 Published 2002 Journal Eur Spine J Section Abstract Doc Link 11931066 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0.51

Consequently, the release of the Th1 associated cytokines IL-12, IFN-?

Positive_regulation (cytokines) of IFN associated with cytokine

12) Confidence 0.49 Published 2008 Journal BMC Immunol Section Body Doc Link PMC2596084 Disease Relevance 0.33 Pain Relevance 0.30

Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage have shown antitumor activity in vitro and in murine models after activation with interferon (IFN) gamma.

Positive_regulation (activation) of IFN in macrophage

13) Confidence 0.49 Published 1998 Journal Cancer Immunol. Immunother. Section Abstract Doc Link 9439648 Disease Relevance 0.55 Pain Relevance 0.07

Co-stimulation with IFN-?

Positive_regulation (stimulation) of IFN

14) Confidence 0.49 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2888198 Disease Relevance 0.62 Pain Relevance 1.00

With high-dose, high-frequency interferon (IFN)-beta1a (Rebif) these AEs are generally mild but may lead to the discontinuation of some patients.

Spec (may) Positive_regulation (lead) of IFN

15) Confidence 0.49 Published 2007 Journal Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Section Abstract Doc Link 17595888 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

with increasing concentrations of IFN-?

Positive_regulation (concentrations) of IFN

16) Confidence 0.49 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2888198 Disease Relevance 0.53 Pain Relevance 0.87

These results suggest that the increase in the immobility time caused by human IFN-alpha in the forced swimming test might be mediated through opioid receptors, but not mouse IFN receptors.

Spec (might) Positive_regulation (mediated) of IFN associated with opioid receptor

17) Confidence 0.49 Published 2000 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 10678778 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.30

Consistent with our finding in RA FLS monocultures, we found that BACE/RA FLS co-cultures produced negligible MMP-3 in response to IFN-?

Positive_regulation (response) of IFN associated with metalloproteinase and rheumatoid arthritis

18) Confidence 0.49 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2888198 Disease Relevance 0.99 Pain Relevance 0.66

In the cohort of patients who went on to developed RA, a broad range of T-cell, macrophage and stromal cell related cytokines were elevated in synovial fluid samples; however, IFN-?

Positive_regulation (elevated) of IFN in macrophage associated with rheumatoid arthritis and cytokine

19) Confidence 0.49 Published 2010 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2888198 Disease Relevance 1.59 Pain Relevance 0.72

12 patients suffering from psoriasis were given recombinant interferon (IFN)-alpha-2c at a daily dosage of 2.5 X 10(6) or 5 X 10(6) IU for up to 4 weeks by the intramuscular route.

Positive_regulation (given) of IFN associated with psoriasis

20) Confidence 0.49 Published 1987 Journal Dermatologica Section Abstract Doc Link 3609413 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0.18

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