INT55135

Context Info Confidence 0.70 First Reported 1994 Last Reported 2010 Negated 2 Speculated 6 Reported most in Abstract Documents 137 Total Number 143 Disease Relevance 80.32 Pain Relevance 38.46

small molecule metabolic process (PTGS2) endoplasmic reticulum (PTGS2) enzyme binding (PTGS2) protein complex (PTGS2) cytoplasm (PTGS2) lipid binding (PTGS2)

Anatomy Link Frequency colon 12 RAW 264 11 fibroblasts 8 macrophages 7 PGE2 6 PTGS2 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat COX2 144 100.00 cytokine 140 100.00 aspirin 37 100.00 chemokine 30 100.00 cOX1 23 100.00 nud 7 100.00 Serotonin 3 100.00 cINOD 352 99.92 Chronic pancreatitis 1 99.84 Inflammation 255 99.78

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Colon Cancer 164 100.00 Infection 62 99.98 Lung Cancer 21 99.92 Hyperplasia 11 99.90 Meningioma 15 99.84 Osteoporosis 14 99.84 Urological Neuroanatomy 8 99.84 Esophageal Cancer 7 99.84 Endometriosis (extended) 5 99.84 Herpes Virus Infection 3 99.84

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Recently, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 has been documented in colorectal tumors and numerous other pre-cancers and cancers.

Positive_regulation (overexpression) of Gene_expression (overexpression) of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with colorectal cancer and cancer

1) Confidence 0.70 Published 2002 Journal Cancer J Section Abstract Doc Link 12074318 Disease Relevance 1.04 Pain Relevance 0.28

To determine whether the increased prostaglandin production is due to enhanced expression of PHS-2 and whether the up-regulation of PHS-2 has any correlation to histopathological findings in brain tumors, we evaluated the profile of PHS expression in several human glioma cell lines and surgical specimens from patients with various types of brain tumors.

Spec (whether) Positive_regulation (due) of Gene_expression (expression) of PHS-2 in brain associated with glioma and brain tumor

2) Confidence 0.70 Published 2001 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11563634 Disease Relevance 1.03 Pain Relevance 0.18

To determine whether the increased prostaglandin production is due to enhanced expression of PHS-2 and whether the up-regulation of PHS-2 has any correlation to histopathological findings in brain tumors, we evaluated the profile of PHS expression in several human glioma cell lines and surgical specimens from patients with various types of brain tumors.

Spec (whether) Positive_regulation (enhanced) of Gene_expression (expression) of PHS-2 in brain associated with glioma and brain tumor

3) Confidence 0.70 Published 2001 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11563634 Disease Relevance 1.03 Pain Relevance 0.18

In addition, several studies demonstrate increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human colorectal cancer tissues.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with colon cancer

4) Confidence 0.70 Published 2002 Journal Dis. Colon Rectum Section Abstract Doc Link 11786771 Disease Relevance 0.46 Pain Relevance 0.09

PGHS-2 expression was inducible by the exogenous addition of these cytokines as well as conditioned media from auto-induced cultures and inhibitable by treatment with dexamethasone.

Positive_regulation (inducible) of Gene_expression (expression) of PGHS-2 associated with dexamethasone and cytokine

5) Confidence 0.69 Published 1997 Journal Inflamm. Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 9085144 Disease Relevance 0.40 Pain Relevance 0.25

Incubation with serum-treated zymosan (STZ) stimulated the expression of PGHS-2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Positive_regulation (stimulated) of Gene_expression (expression) of PGHS-2

6) Confidence 0.69 Published 1997 Journal J. Immunol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9144511 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.18

This notion is supported by the finding that the eradication of H. pylori does not affect NSAID-induced gastropathy treated with omeprazole and that H. pylori infection induces a strong cyclooxygenase-2 expression resulting in excessive biosynthesis of gastroprotective prostaglandins, which should in turn counteract NSAID-induced gastropathy and heal the existing ulcer.

Positive_regulation (induces) of Gene_expression (expression) of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with ulcers, cinod and infection

7) Confidence 0.69 Published 2002 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 12163100 Disease Relevance 1.04 Pain Relevance 0.80

During parturition, inflammatory cytokines promote PGE(2) production through increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2) expression.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of PTGS2 associated with inflammation and cytokine

8) Confidence 0.67 Published 2008 Journal Biol. Reprod. Section Abstract Doc Link 17928629 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.27

During parturition, inflammatory cytokines promote PGE(2) production through increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2) expression.

Positive_regulation (promote) of Gene_expression (expression) of PTGS2 associated with inflammation and cytokine

9) Confidence 0.67 Published 2008 Journal Biol. Reprod. Section Abstract Doc Link 17928629 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.27

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is increased at the RNA and protein levels in most human pancreatic cancers.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of Cyclooxygenase-2 associated with pancreatic cancer

10) Confidence 0.61 Published 2004 Journal Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Section Abstract Doc Link 15685834 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.11

Excitotoxic lesions cause up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression coincident with the onset of expression of markers of apoptosis; cyclooxygenase-2 thus represents a possible target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug action in neurodegenerative mechanisms.

Positive_regulation (cause) of Gene_expression (expression) of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with inflammation, neurodegenerative disease and apoptosis

11) Confidence 0.60 Published 1998 Journal Neuroscience Section Abstract Doc Link 9740394 Disease Relevance 1.15 Pain Relevance 0.21

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease brain.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of Cyclooxygenase-2 in frontal cortex associated with urological neuroanatomy, cox2 and disease

12) Confidence 0.60 Published 1998 Journal Neuroscience Section Title Doc Link 9740394 Disease Relevance 0.96 Pain Relevance 0.26

At 2 to 4 hours after surgery, PTGS1 expression was slightly decreased (36%, P < .001) and PTGS2 expression was markedly increased (300%, P < .001) with wide interindividual variation; at 48 hours after surgery, little detectable change in PTGS1 and PTGS2 expression was found in the control group.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of PTGS2

13) Confidence 0.56 Published 2006 Journal Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Section Body Doc Link 16678543 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and inhibition of proliferation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Positive_regulation (Increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of cyclooxygenase-2 in head associated with inflammation, cinod, cox2 and skin cancer

14) Confidence 0.55 Published 2002 Journal Anticancer Res. Section Title Doc Link 12174888 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0.19

Diacerhein and rhein reduce the interleukin 1beta stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthesis level and activity while stimulating cyclooxygenase-2 synthesis in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes.

Positive_regulation (stimulating) of Gene_expression (synthesis) of cyclooxygenase-2 in chondrocytes associated with cox2 and osteoarthritis

15) Confidence 0.52 Published 1998 Journal J. Rheumatol. Section Title Doc Link 9858439 Disease Relevance 0.29 Pain Relevance 0.27

H. pylori infection for 4 and 12 weeks caused moderate and severe gastritis, respectively, with cyclooxygenase-2 expression and an increase in prostaglandin E(2) production.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Gene_expression (expression) of cyclooxygenase-2 associated with gastritis and infection

16) Confidence 0.49 Published 2000 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 11040354 Disease Relevance 0.83 Pain Relevance 0.18

Experimental parasitic infection of mice bowel resulted in elevated substance P levels and increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) enzyme, prostaglandin E2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of COX 2 in bowel associated with parasitic infection, cox2 and substance p

17) Confidence 0.49 Published 2005 Journal Med. Hypotheses Section Abstract Doc Link 15893125 Disease Relevance 0.67 Pain Relevance 0.85

With amnion mesenchymal cells, we found that proinflammatory cytokines coordinately upregulated PTGS2 and PTGES mRNA expression.

Positive_regulation (upregulated) of Gene_expression (expression) of PTGS2 in mesenchymal cells associated with cytokine

18) Confidence 0.48 Published 2008 Journal Biol. Reprod. Section Abstract Doc Link 17928629 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.25

In parallel, increased expression of the PTGS2 and PTGES proteins was observed.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (expression) of PTGS2

19) Confidence 0.48 Published 2008 Journal Biol. Reprod. Section Abstract Doc Link 17928629 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.24

During parturition, inflammatory cytokines promote PGE(2) production through increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2) expression.

Positive_regulation (promote) of Gene_expression (expression) of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 associated with inflammation and cytokine

20) Confidence 0.48 Published 2008 Journal Biol. Reprod. Section Abstract Doc Link 17928629 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.27

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