INT70242
From wiki-pain
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Sentences Mentioned In
Key: | Protein | Mutation | Event | Anatomy | Negation | Speculation | Pain term | Disease term |
Solitary metastasis to the mandible in the setting of HCC is exceedingly rare. | |||||||||||||||
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In this paper, we report the case of a painful bone metastasis of HCC, localized at the second phalanx of the second finger of the right hand. | |||||||||||||||
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A previous case report of HCC metastatic to the thyroid indicates that a markedly different clinical picture can develop with the same primary neoplasm. | |||||||||||||||
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(d) Cytoreduction and sequential resection have provided hope for localized unresectable HCC, particularly in the right cirrhotic liver. | |||||||||||||||
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In the present patient, the etiology of HCC was due to chronic hepatitis B, and the HCC was diffuse in nature. | |||||||||||||||
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During this active regeneration, a cancer-producing genetic change (mutation) can occur, which explains the occurrence of HCC even after drinking has been stopped.57 Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent liver cancer-causing chemical known and has been implicated in the development of HCC in Southern China and Sub-Saharan Africa.8 | |||||||||||||||
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In addition, the recurrence rate of HCC after curative treatment is high and the long-term curable rate is low (17). | |||||||||||||||
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Intrahepatic metastasis by the portal venous system is probably an important mechanism for intrahepatic recurrence either from micrometastasis or dissemination with manipulation of tumor during hepatectomy.18,19 For patients with poor prognostic factors after resection for HCC, a number of adjuvant therapies, such as systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are available. | |||||||||||||||
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In our study, continued alcohol drinking and the presence of HCC were the most important determinants of the late rebleeding. | |||||||||||||||
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The risk of late rebleeding (more than 6 weeks after the initial episode) is related to such factors as continued alcohol consumption, variceal size, renal failure, degree of liver failure, and presence of HCC (2). | |||||||||||||||
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The pathogenesis of the sarcomatous appearance of HCC has not yet been clarified because of a debate on whether it is derived from the transition of an ordinary HCC to a sarcomatous appearance or it is a double cancer of HCC and hepatic sarcoma [2,3,5,10]. | |||||||||||||||
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Univariate analysis showed the late rebleeding risk significantly linked to alcoholics and presence of HCC (Table 6). | |||||||||||||||
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Presently, routine screening strategies such as ultrasound every 6 months have been recommended for early detection in patients with liver cirrhosis to detect HCC at earlier stage. | |||||||||||||||
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The development of molecular imaging provide an unprecedented opportunity for the diagnostic detection rate of HCC. | |||||||||||||||
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Current therapeutic strategies for HCC can be devided into established therapies such as surgical interventions (tumor resection and LTx), percutaneous interventions (ethanol injection, radiofrequency thermal ablation), transarterial interventions (embolization, chemoperfusion, or chemoembolization), and experimental strategies such as radiation therapy and drugs, including gene and immune therapy. | |||||||||||||||
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Further, in a transgenic mouse model it has been shown that chronic immune-mediated liver cell injury without environmental or infectious agents is sufficient to cause HCC (Nakamoto et al 1998, 2002) and that inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced apoptosis and chronic inflammation by neutralization of the Fas ligand prevents HCC development in this model (Nakamoto et al 2002). | |||||||||||||||
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Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been reported to be an effective palliative treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and many chemotherapeutic agents such as epirubicin and mitomycin C were used with lipiodol in Japan. | |||||||||||||||
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Therefore, screening for HCC, for instance, ultrasound at 6 months interval, might be beneficial in these patients.
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General Comments
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