INT70242

Context Info Confidence 0.66 First Reported 1997 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 18 Total Number 18 Disease Relevance 23.95 Pain Relevance 2.35

Anatomy Link Frequency liver 4 mandible 1 thyroid 1 venous system 1 phalanx 1 HCC (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat palliative 9 100.00 alcohol 28 99.64 Pain 14 99.60 imagery 183 98.66 Inflammation 10 95.80 Analgesic 2 90.28 withdrawal 4 78.32 beta blocker 2 69.68 cva 12 50.00 fibrosis 16 45.72

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Hepatocellular Cancer 445 100.00 Cancer 177 100.00 Recurrence 26 99.98 Cirrhosis 119 99.92 Metastasis 99 99.92 Liver Failure 21 99.88 Chronic Hepatitis 13 99.52 Renal Failure 5 99.38 Injury 18 98.78 Pain 12 98.00

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Solitary metastasis to the mandible in the setting of HCC is exceedingly rare.

Localization (setting) of HCC in mandible associated with hepatocellular cancer and metastasis

1) Confidence 0.66 Published 2008 Journal Am Surg Section Abstract Doc Link 18453303 Disease Relevance 1.43 Pain Relevance 0.21

In this paper, we report the case of a painful bone metastasis of HCC, localized at the second phalanx of the second finger of the right hand.

Localization (localized) of HCC in phalanx associated with pain, hepatocellular cancer and metastasis

2) Confidence 0.61 Published 2004 Journal Clin Ter Section Abstract Doc Link 15702658 Disease Relevance 1.47 Pain Relevance 0.47

A previous case report of HCC metastatic to the thyroid indicates that a markedly different clinical picture can develop with the same primary neoplasm.

Localization (report) of HCC in thyroid associated with cancer and hepatocellular cancer

3) Confidence 0.43 Published 2007 Journal World J Surg Oncol Section Body Doc Link PMC2246133 Disease Relevance 1.95 Pain Relevance 0.04

(d) Cytoreduction and sequential resection have provided hope for localized unresectable HCC, particularly in the right cirrhotic liver.

Localization (localized) of HCC in liver associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer

4) Confidence 0.36 Published 1997 Journal Gan To Kagaku Ryoho Section Abstract Doc Link 9210895 Disease Relevance 1.07 Pain Relevance 0.19

In the present patient, the etiology of HCC was due to chronic hepatitis B, and the HCC was diffuse in nature.

Localization (etiology) of HCC associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular cancer

5) Confidence 0.34 Published 2004 Journal BMC Cancer Section Body Doc Link PMC535896 Disease Relevance 2.06 Pain Relevance 0.04

During this active regeneration, a cancer-producing genetic change (mutation) can occur, which explains the occurrence of HCC even after drinking has been stopped.5–7 Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent liver cancer-causing chemical known and has been implicated in the development of HCC in Southern China and Sub-Saharan Africa.8

Localization (occurrence) of HCC in liver associated with liver cancer, cancer and hepatocellular cancer

6) Confidence 0.25 Published 2010 Journal Biologics : Targets & Therapy Section Body Doc Link PMC2921257 Disease Relevance 2.89 Pain Relevance 0.04

In addition, the recurrence rate of HCC after curative treatment is high and the long-term curable rate is low (17).

Localization (rate) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer and recurrence

7) Confidence 0.24 Published 2010 Journal International Journal of Clinical Practice Section Body Doc Link PMC2905618 Disease Relevance 0.60 Pain Relevance 0

Intrahepatic metastasis by the portal venous system is probably an important mechanism for intrahepatic recurrence either from micrometastasis or dissemination with manipulation of tumor during hepatectomy.18,19 For patients with poor prognostic factors after resection for HCC, a number of adjuvant therapies, such as systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are available.

Localization (resection) of HCC in venous system associated with cancer, hepatocellular cancer, recurrence and metastasis

8) Confidence 0.19 Published 2008 Journal Yonsei Medical Journal Section Body Doc Link PMC2615291 Disease Relevance 1.41 Pain Relevance 0

In our study, continued alcohol drinking and the presence of HCC were the most important determinants of the late rebleeding.

Localization (presence) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer and alcohol

9) Confidence 0.15 Published 2006 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2722000 Disease Relevance 0.93 Pain Relevance 0.21

The risk of late rebleeding (more than 6 weeks after the initial episode) is related to such factors as continued alcohol consumption, variceal size, renal failure, degree of liver failure, and presence of HCC (2).

Localization (presence) of HCC in liver associated with liver failure, renal failure, hepatocellular cancer and alcohol

10) Confidence 0.14 Published 2006 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2722000 Disease Relevance 0.93 Pain Relevance 0.19

The pathogenesis of the sarcomatous appearance of HCC has not yet been clarified because of a debate on whether it is derived from the transition of an ordinary HCC to a sarcomatous appearance or it is a double cancer of HCC and hepatic sarcoma [2,3,5,10].

Localization (appearance) of HCC associated with liver cancer, cancer and hepatocellular cancer

11) Confidence 0.14 Published 2010 Journal Diagn Pathol Section Body Doc Link PMC2889863 Disease Relevance 1.70 Pain Relevance 0

Univariate analysis showed the late rebleeding risk significantly linked to alcoholics and presence of HCC (Table 6).

Localization (presence) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer

12) Confidence 0.14 Published 2006 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2722000 Disease Relevance 0.37 Pain Relevance 0

Presently, routine screening strategies such as ultrasound every 6 months have been recommended for early detection in patients with liver cirrhosis to detect HCC at earlier stage.

Localization (detect) of HCC in liver associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer

13) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Nanoscale Res Lett Section Body Doc Link PMC2894099 Disease Relevance 0.53 Pain Relevance 0.30

The development of molecular imaging provide an unprecedented opportunity for the diagnostic detection rate of HCC.

Localization (rate) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer and imagery

14) Confidence 0.12 Published 2009 Journal Nanoscale Res Lett Section Body Doc Link PMC2894099 Disease Relevance 0.49 Pain Relevance 0.38

Current therapeutic strategies for HCC can be devided into established therapies such as surgical interventions (tumor resection and LTx), percutaneous interventions (ethanol injection, radiofrequency thermal ablation), transarterial interventions (embolization, chemoperfusion, or chemoembolization), and experimental strategies such as radiation therapy and drugs, including gene and immune therapy.

Localization (resection) of HCC associated with cancer and hepatocellular cancer

15) Confidence 0.12 Published 2008 Journal Biologics : Targets & Therapy Section Body Doc Link PMC2721397 Disease Relevance 1.05 Pain Relevance 0

Further, in a transgenic mouse model it has been shown that chronic immune-mediated liver cell injury without environmental or infectious agents is sufficient to cause HCC (Nakamoto et al 1998, 2002) and that inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced apoptosis and chronic inflammation by neutralization of the Fas ligand prevents HCC development in this model (Nakamoto et al 2002).

Localization (cause) of HCC in cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated with targeted disruption, inflammation, hepatocellular cancer, injury and apoptosis

16) Confidence 0.12 Published 2008 Journal Biologics : Targets & Therapy Section Body Doc Link PMC2721397 Disease Relevance 2.24 Pain Relevance 0.11

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been reported to be an effective palliative treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and many chemotherapeutic agents such as epirubicin and mitomycin C were used with lipiodol in Japan.

Localization (Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer and palliative

17) Confidence 0.05 Published 2010 Journal Gan To Kagaku Ryoho Section Abstract Doc Link 20332675 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0.10

Therefore, screening for HCC, for instance, ultrasound at 6 months interval, might be beneficial in these patients.

Localization (screening) of HCC associated with hepatocellular cancer

18) Confidence 0.04 Published 2008 Journal Orphanet J Rare Dis Section Body Doc Link PMC2266722 Disease Relevance 2.30 Pain Relevance 0.07

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