INT78178
From wiki-pain
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Sentences Mentioned In
Key: | Protein | Mutation | Event | Anatomy | Negation | Speculation | Pain term | Disease term |
We also examined ETA and ETB mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. | |||||||||||||||
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As a result, the expressions of ETA and ETB receptors are reduced with both immunostaining and the mRNA levels in the left eye, in which endothelin-1 eyedrops were applied at 4 x 10(-5) M. | |||||||||||||||
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As an index to the action of endothelin- 1 eyedrops to the retina, the expressions of endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors in the retina were compared in both eyes. | |||||||||||||||
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As an index to the action of endothelin- 1 eyedrops to the retina, the expressions of endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors in the retina were compared in both eyes. | |||||||||||||||
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In the control group, immunohistochemistry confirmed an enhanced expression of ETB receptor protein in the smooth muscle cells of the right MCA after transient MCAO. | |||||||||||||||
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At 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the contractile endothelin B receptor mediated response and the endothelin B receptor protein expression were upregulated in the ipsilateral but not the contralateral middle cerebral artery. | |||||||||||||||
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Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed enhanced expression of ETB receptor protein in the ipsilateral MCA of the control rats. | |||||||||||||||
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In males, exposure to endothelin-1 decreased mu opioid receptor expression without changing endothelin-A receptor or endothelin-B receptor expression in the hindpaw skin. | |||||||||||||||
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Recent research investigating the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in rats has produced promising results.110 This study showed that ETA antagonists, ETB antagonists, and VIP all prevented the pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by ET1. | |||||||||||||||
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Anti-beta-endorphin IgG down-regulated ET-A receptor protein expression in the caudate (51%), but had no effect on the expression of mu, delta, kappa opioid, ET-B, CRH-1 and CRH-2 receptors in any brain region. | |||||||||||||||
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The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Elk-1, and of endothelin ETA and ETB, angiotensin AT1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1B receptors were analyzed with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy in cerebral arteries, microvessels and in brain tissue. | |||||||||||||||
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We observed for the first time a significant increase in the expression of endothelin ETB, angiotensin AT1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1B receptors in smooth muscle cells not only in the ischemic MCA but also in smooth muscle cells of cerebral microvessels associated with the ischemic region (Fig. 6 and 7). | |||||||||||||||
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Double immunostaining for endothelin ETB, angiotensin AT1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1B receptors versus smooth muscle actin, expressed in the smooth muscle cells, revealed clear co-localization. | |||||||||||||||
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Alterations in the distribution and number of ETA and ETB receptors in conditions such as PAH suggest that their roles in the disease state may differ from those in normal physiology. | |||||||||||||||
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In vitro data with skin fibroblasts suggested that targeting both the ETA and the ETB receptors is preferable in order to block collagen type I and III production.54 However, subsequent in vitro data using lung fibroblasts indicate that ET-1 induces collagen matrix contraction through the ETA receptor, but not the ETB receptor.55 Furthermore, while there is evidence that ETB receptors are linked to collagen production in vitro, in vivo animal data with ETA antagonists have shown that they effectively block the accumulation of collagen I, III, and IV,56 normalize pro-collagen I and III mRNA,49 and abolish the effect of ET-1 on pro-collagen metabolism.57 Likewise, although there is evidence that under certain conditions ET-1 can act as a mitogen in vitro through both ETA- and ETB-receptor activation,58 ETB receptors have been shown to inhibit vascular SMC proliferation in vivo.59 It has been suggested that ETB receptors may be up-regulated on SMCs and fibroblasts in certain disease states such as scleroderma lung disease.60 However, the spatial distribution of these receptors among different cell types within the lung microcirculation remains unclear, as does the significance of any increased ETB-receptor expression in PAH.
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For example, the ETRA ambrisentan has been reported to have an ETA:ETB selectivity ranging from 29:1 for ET-1-mediated contraction in the rat aorta32 to 4000:1 in myocardial membranes.33 | |||||||||||||||
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While it is able to trigger pain through its actions on endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptors of local nociceptors, it can coincidentally produce analgesia through endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptors. | |||||||||||||||
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Two endothelin receptors, ET-A and ET-B are found in normal prostate tissue. | |||||||||||||||
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Whereas ETA receptor mRNA expression increased 2-fold at 6 h and 4-fold at 96 h, ETB receptor mRNA expression remained unchanged. | |||||||||||||||
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Naloxone caused a progressive decrease in ETA receptor mRNA expression at 6 h through 96 h and a 2-fold increase in ETB receptor mRNA expression at 48 and 96 h. | |||||||||||||||
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