INT915

Context Info Confidence 0.70 First Reported 1975 Last Reported 2010 Negated 14 Speculated 13 Reported most in Abstract Documents 342 Total Number 355 Disease Relevance 141.96 Pain Relevance 104.31

cell proliferation (PRL) cytosol (PRL) extracellular region (PRL)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 48 pituitary 9 blood 6 thyroid 6 cerebrospinal fluid 4 PRL (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat agonist 2083 100.00 Morphine 569 100.00 narcan 264 100.00 carbamazepine 257 100.00 anesthesia 121 100.00 substance P 98 100.00 Enkephalin 43 100.00 Buprenorphine 21 100.00 noradrenaline 12 100.00 Opioid receptor 1 3 100.00

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Hypertension 513 100.00 Stress 438 100.00 Pneumoperitoneum 5 99.96 Galactorrhea 11478 99.92 Reprotox - General 1 2574 99.88 Headache 147 99.88 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 316 99.82 Depression 907 99.80 Pituitary Cancer 367 99.80 Diabetes Mellitus 124 99.80

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

In order to ascertain whether there is a relation between opioids and the serotoninergic system in prolactin (PRL) secretion increase, we investigated in seven healthy men (21 to 26 years of age) the effect of naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, on PRL secretion induced by fenfluramine, a drug that stimulates serotonin release and inhibits its re-uptake.

Positive_regulation (increase) of prolactin associated with antagonist, narcan, serotonin and opioid

1) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) Section Abstract Doc Link 3987071 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.44

We observed that subjects receiving fenfluramine (60 mg orally) had a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher increase in PRL plasma levels than the controls receiving placebo.

Positive_regulation (increase) of PRL in plasma

2) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) Section Abstract Doc Link 3987071 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.68

In order to ascertain whether there is a relation between opioids and the serotoninergic system in prolactin (PRL) secretion increase, we investigated in seven healthy men (21 to 26 years of age) the effect of naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, on PRL secretion induced by fenfluramine, a drug that stimulates serotonin release and inhibits its re-uptake.

Positive_regulation (increase) of PRL associated with antagonist, narcan, serotonin and opioid

3) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) Section Abstract Doc Link 3987071 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.44

Intravenous administration of 2,5 mg/kg piperoxane produced a rapid and significant increase in serum PRL concentrations in four non-human primates.

Positive_regulation (increase) of PRL

4) Confidence 0.70 Published 1978 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 217617 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.12

Activation of the stress response in meerkats by capture and ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia caused short-term but significant increases in prolactin levels in individuals bled repeatedly.

Positive_regulation (increases) of prolactin associated with stress, anesthesia and ketamine

5) Confidence 0.70 Published 2003 Journal Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 12568792 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.22

FK 33-824 significantly (P < 0.001) increased Prl and FWC and reduced urinary concentrations of AVP (P < 0.01).

Positive_regulation (increased) of Prl

6) Confidence 0.70 Published 1980 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 6252744 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.34

His serum PRL levels were slightly elevated (38 ng/ml), whereas concentrations of the other adenohypophysial hormones were within normal range.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of PRL

7) Confidence 0.70 Published 2004 Journal Acta Neuropathol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15173951 Disease Relevance 1.00 Pain Relevance 0.09

Prolactin increase may further inhibit libido.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Prolactin associated with reprotox - general 3

8) Confidence 0.70 Published 2000 Journal Maturitas Section Abstract Doc Link 10759059 Disease Relevance 1.08 Pain Relevance 0.19

Significant increases in serum prolactin levels were seen after all dynorphin doses; however, these were not dose-related.

Positive_regulation (increases) of prolactin associated with dynorphin

9) Confidence 0.70 Published 1998 Journal Psychopharmacology (Berl.) Section Abstract Doc Link 9676891 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0.97

Thioridazine was found to increase the serum prolactin level as well as the tumor size of a prolactin--secreting pituitary chromophobe adenoma in a schizophrenic man.

Positive_regulation (increase) of prolactin in pituitary associated with cancer, chromophobe adenoma and schizophrenia

10) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Gen Hosp Psychiatry Section Abstract Doc Link 4065553 Disease Relevance 0.52 Pain Relevance 0.09

This case report highlights the importance of careful neuroleptic usage in patients in whom elevated prolactin levels are of concern and discusses alternative methods of treating psychosis when antidopaminergic medications are contraindicated.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of prolactin associated with psychosis

11) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal Gen Hosp Psychiatry Section Abstract Doc Link 4065553 Disease Relevance 0.61 Pain Relevance 0.09

Mean basal levels of PRL were significantly elevated in nursing women (P less than 0.01) compared to those in nonlactating postpartum women and women with galactorrhea.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of PRL associated with galactorrhea

12) Confidence 0.70 Published 1990 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 2118537 Disease Relevance 0.18 Pain Relevance 0.09

D-fenfluramine test significantly increased PRL and cortisol plasma levels and Clonidine test induced a significant rise in GH values.

Positive_regulation (increased) of PRL in plasma associated with clonidine

13) Confidence 0.70 Published 2000 Journal Psychoneuroendocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 10818282 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.64

Patients given human menopausal gonadotropin and clomiphene citrate had significantly higher levels of plasma PRL compared to those given clomiphene only.

Positive_regulation (levels) of PRL in plasma associated with endometriosis (extended)

14) Confidence 0.70 Published 1985 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 3919045 Disease Relevance 0.27 Pain Relevance 0.18

Several uncontrolled studies assessed prolactin rise during SSRI treatment, though only paroxetine-treated patients exhibited statistically significant elevations, while all subjects on fluoxetine, sertraline or venlafaxine showed not significant elevations of basal prolactin (Urban and Veldhuis 1991; Spigset and Mjorndal 1997; Cowen and Sargent 1997).

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (elevations) of prolactin associated with ssri and fluoxetine

15) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.49 Pain Relevance 0.72

However, it has not been entirely clarified whether the serotoninergic or the dopaminergic system is especially accountable for the buspirone-induced prolactin secretive response (Maskall et al 1995) (Figure 2).

Spec (whether) Positive_regulation (induced) of prolactin

16) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.67 Pain Relevance 0.37

However, since the prolactin secretory pattern of drug-free psychiatric patients, measured throughout the day, is not different from that observed in healthy control subjects, the elevation of baseline prolactin in treated psychiatric patients seems to be more related to drug effects rather than to the illness itself (Haddad and Wieck 2004).

Positive_regulation (elevation) of prolactin

17) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.66 Pain Relevance 0.21

Among those, sertraline appears to be the most frequent cause of sustained hyperprolactinemia, but also fluoxetine and paroxetine may induce pathologic and symptomatic increases in prolactin levels.

Positive_regulation (increases) of prolactin associated with galactorrhea and fluoxetine

18) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.64 Pain Relevance 0.48

Amisulpride-induced hyperprolactinemia is reported after both acute and chronic treatment and does not seem to be strongly dose-related: samples taken during the first eight hours following 20 or 100 mg i.v. single administration in ten healthy subjects revealed a significant elevation of prolactin levels (8–10 fold above baseline) (Wetzel et al 1994).

Positive_regulation (elevation) of prolactin associated with galactorrhea

19) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0.17

Several drugs may determine a significant increase in prolactin serum concentration that is frequently associated with symptoms.

Spec (determine) Positive_regulation (increase) of prolactin

20) Confidence 0.70 Published 2007 Journal Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Section Abstract Doc Link PMC2376090 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.03

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