INT9678

Context Info Confidence 0.68 First Reported 1984 Last Reported 2010 Negated 3 Speculated 0 Reported most in Abstract Documents 32 Total Number 34 Disease Relevance 8.14 Pain Relevance 12.97

extracellular space (GH1) extracellular region (GH1)

Anatomy Link Frequency plasma 20 PES 4 pituitary 4 thyroid 2 14.2 2 GH1 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Clonidine 102 99.98 narcan 83 99.84 Enkephalin 1 99.40 opiate 14 99.32 agonist 110 98.24 opioid receptor 6 97.24 Opioid 10 97.20 Bioavailability 5 95.84 antagonist 2 92.80 Somatostatin 14 92.52

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Hypertension 11 100.00 Anaemia 6 99.60 Hypoglycemia 20 99.52 Empty Sella Syndrome 7 99.26 Growth Problems 302 99.22 Obesity 14 98.20 Intrauterine Growth Retardation 3 95.52 Growth Hormone Deficiency 22 95.48 Disease 9 95.48 Renal Failure 8 94.68

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Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

RESULTS: Clonidine induced a slight but significant increase in plasma GH values, peaking 60 to 120 minutes later; however, no significant changes were observed in indices of total and pulsatile GH release for the whole sampling period in this study.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in plasma

1) Confidence 0.68 Published 1991 Journal Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) Section Body Doc Link 1934527 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

These results indicate that the increase in plasma GH induced by alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation in normotensive subjects involves opioid receptors with moderate sensitivity to naloxone.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Positive_regulation (induced) of GH in plasma associated with narcan and opioid receptor

2) Confidence 0.68 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2881420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.92

In the present investigations, the effect of naloxone on the increase in plasma GH induced by clonidine and the more specific alpha 2-agonist guanfacine was studied in man.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Positive_regulation (induced) of GH in plasma associated with agonist, narcan and clonidine

3) Confidence 0.68 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2881420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.72

Clonidine induced a significant increase in plasma GH.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in plasma associated with clonidine

4) Confidence 0.53 Published 1984 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 6319449 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 1.09

In the present study the effect of the opiate receptor blocker naloxone on the increase in plasma GH induced by clonidine was investigated in eight patients with essential hypertension.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Positive_regulation (induced) of GH in plasma associated with hypertension, narcan, opiate and clonidine

5) Confidence 0.53 Published 1984 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 6319449 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.87

These tests both produced a wide variation in GH response in normal volunteers, considerable GH release following hp GRF 1-44 amide but little after clonidine in idiopathic GH deficiency, and indistinguishable, negligible responses in patients with craniopharyngiomas and pituitary tumours associated with GH deficiency.

Positive_regulation (variation) of Positive_regulation (response) of GH in pituitary associated with craniopharyngioma, pituitary cancer and clonidine

6) Confidence 0.50 Published 1984 Journal Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) Section Abstract Doc Link 6432378 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.19

While these data do not exclude the possibility of a short loop feedback control of GH secretion, they strongly suggest that the direction of the GH response to a provocative stimulus is determined by the antecedent GH level and that an alpha-adrenoreceptor mechanism is involved in such a biphasic modulation of GH levels.

Positive_regulation (direction) of Positive_regulation (response) of GH

7) Confidence 0.49 Published 1985 Journal Metab. Clin. Exp. Section Abstract Doc Link 3982277 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0.70

When administered alone, CLON and PD induced a similar GH increase (peak, mean +/- SE: 14.6 +/- 2.4 vs 14.2 +/- 3.1 ng/ml; area under curve, AUC: 376.9 +/- 57.6 vs 390.0 +/- 74.3 ng/ml/h).

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in 14.2 associated with clonidine

8) Confidence 0.47 Published 1989 Journal J. Endocrinol. Invest. Section Abstract Doc Link 2754188 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.87

Hexarelin induced a slight increase in GH levels which was similar to that after GHRH but far lower (P < 0.01) than that after rhGH.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH

9) Confidence 0.46 Published 2002 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 12144941 Disease Relevance 0.27 Pain Relevance 0.06

The cardiotropic effect of hexarelin is not shared by GHRH or by rhGH, indicating that it is not mediated by the increase in circulating GH levels but more likely reflects activation of specific cardiovascular GH secretagogue receptors.

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (mediated) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH

10) Confidence 0.46 Published 2002 Journal Eur. J. Pharmacol. Section Abstract Doc Link 12144941 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0

Both clonidine and guanfacine induced an increase in plasma GH (P less than 0.05).

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in plasma associated with clonidine

11) Confidence 0.46 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2881420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 1.01

These results indicate that the increase in plasma GH induced by alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation in normotensive subjects involves opioid receptors with moderate sensitivity to naloxone.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in plasma associated with narcan and opioid receptor

12) Confidence 0.46 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2881420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.92

In the present investigations, the effect of naloxone on the increase in plasma GH induced by clonidine and the more specific alpha 2-agonist guanfacine was studied in man.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH in plasma associated with agonist, narcan and clonidine

13) Confidence 0.46 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 2881420 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.72

In the control studies, exercise induced a significant increase in GH, PRL, TSH and ACTH.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Positive_regulation (increase) of GH

14) Confidence 0.41 Published 1987 Journal Acta Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 3035849 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.49

These results demonstrate that TRH not only overcomes GH refractoriness to hpGRF and vice versa, but the GH response to heterologous provocative stimuli is potentiated in birds refractory to TRH or hp GRF challenge.

Positive_regulation (potentiated) of Positive_regulation (response) of GH

15) Confidence 0.40 Published 1985 Journal Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 3926600 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

In conclusion, these results suggest that correction of the anemia with rhEPO therapy potentiates GH responses to direct pituitary stimulation with GHRH although it is unable to restore the blunted response of GH to clonidine that is found in CAPD patients.

Positive_regulation (potentiates) of Positive_regulation (responses) of GH in pituitary associated with anaemia, renal failure and clonidine

16) Confidence 0.40 Published 1996 Journal Nephron Section Abstract Doc Link 8938679 Disease Relevance 0.57 Pain Relevance 0.33

However, the increase was less pronounced in response to clonidine and moxonidine as compared to GHRH (mean +/- SEM): after clonidine, GH increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, p < 0.05; moxonidine increased GH levels from 0.1 +/- 0.04 to 4.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml (p < 0.05); GHRH caused an increase from 0.01 +/- 0.05 to 14.8 +/- 2.5 ng/ml (p < 0.05).

Positive_regulation (increased) of Positive_regulation (increased) of GH associated with clonidine

17) Confidence 0.38 Published 1995 Journal Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Section Abstract Doc Link 7584524 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.78

However, as the individual subjects profiles were back to baseline by 20–22 h, it is concluded that no overall accumulation of GH occurs.

Positive_regulation (occurs) of Neg (no) Positive_regulation (accumulation) of GH

18) Confidence 0.38 Published 2007 Journal Clinical Endocrinology Section Body Doc Link PMC2366021 Disease Relevance 0.61 Pain Relevance 0.15

Conversely, either beta-adrenergic blockade (PRO), or alpha 2-adrenergic agonism (CLO), or the enhancement of muscarinic cholinergic tone (PD) significantly increased the GH response to GHRH (peaks: 43 +/- 4.6, 55.6 +/- 5.6 and 51.2 +/- 7, micrograms/L; PRO, CLO, and PD, respectively; P < 0.01 vs.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Positive_regulation (response) of GH

19) Confidence 0.37 Published 1993 Journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Section Abstract Doc Link 8094392 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.16

An evaluation of data from children with ISS treated with GH, taken from a large GH database, showed that GH treatment resulted in an increase in height from ?

Positive_regulation (resulted) of Positive_regulation (treatment) of GH associated with growth problems

20) Confidence 0.36 Published 2010 Journal Biologics : Targets & Therapy Section Body Doc Link PMC2898102 Disease Relevance 0.45 Pain Relevance 0

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