INT16530

Context Info Confidence 0.77 First Reported 1981 Last Reported 2009 Negated 1 Speculated 1 Reported most in Abstract Documents 45 Total Number 49 Disease Relevance 6.22 Pain Relevance 13.44

extracellular space (Ghrh) extracellular region (Ghrh)

Anatomy Link Frequency pituitary 7 plasma 5 somatotroph 4 neurons 4 body 3 Ghrh (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Somatostatin 249 100.00 Clonidine 73 100.00 Intracerebroventricular 3 100.00 agonist 36 99.92 Opioid 17 99.66 Endogenous opioid 5 99.42 Serotonin 12 98.92 Central grey 9 98.60 narcan 19 98.56 antagonist 53 98.38

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Hypoglycemia 8 100.00 Bacterial Infection 2 99.72 Body Weight 8 99.58 Aging 140 99.28 Granular Cell Tumor 5 98.98 Urological Neuroanatomy 9 98.60 Cushing's Syndrome / Hypercortisolism 10 98.50 Aids-related Complex 2 97.84 Obesity 28 97.48 Growth Problems 5 92.52

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Event

Anatomy

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Speculation

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The opiate antagonist naloxone was used to examine the possibility that endogenous opioid function is involved in the expression of the increased feeding observed following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF).

Gene_expression (expression) of GRF associated with antagonist, endogenous opioid, narcan, opiate and intracerebroventricular

1) Confidence 0.77 Published 1987 Journal Regul. Pept. Section Abstract Doc Link 3118423 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.53

The most likely interpretation of such finding is that circulating GH disrupts, for a negative feedback effect, hypothalamic opioid function and/or GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) producing neurons, through which opioids exert their action.

Gene_expression (producing) of GH-releasing hormone in neurons associated with opioid

2) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal J. Endocrinol. Invest. Section Abstract Doc Link 2957419 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.57

The most likely interpretation of such finding is that circulating GH disrupts, for a negative feedback effect, hypothalamic opioid function and/or GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) producing neurons, through which opioids exert their action.

Gene_expression (producing) of GHRH in neurons associated with opioid

3) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal J. Endocrinol. Invest. Section Abstract Doc Link 2957419 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.57

In old rats, growth hormone administration did not significantly change growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin gene expression.

Gene_expression (expression) of growth hormone-releasing hormone associated with somatostatin

4) Confidence 0.72 Published 1994 Journal Neurochem. Int. Section Abstract Doc Link 7950970 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.33

Results showed that (a) pituitary responsiveness to GHRH changes throughout the estrous cycle is maximal in diestrus and minimal in proestrus; (b) GHRH stimulated GH secretion in intact and ovariectomized females on days 45, 60 and 90, but not on day 30; (c) the age increase of GH responsiveness to GHRH administration was slightly reduced in animals ovariectomized on day 23; (e) the age increase of pituitary GH content was similar in control and ovariectomized females; and (d) ovariectomy on day 83 reduced pituitary responsiveness to GHRH more effectively than ovariectomy on day 23.

Gene_expression (changes) of GHRH in pituitary

5) Confidence 0.67 Published 1991 Journal Neuroendocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 1834957 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.07

These data demonstrate that neonatal somatotropes are particularly sensitive to the GH-synthesizing activity of GHRH or a GHRH-releasing stimulus.

Gene_expression (synthesizing) of GHRH in somatotropes

6) Confidence 0.67 Published 1986 Journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Section Abstract Doc Link 3092819 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.32

These results indicate that 1) functional activation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors by CLO increases GHRH release from the hypothalamus, 2) CLO, via GHRH, increases GH secretion and biosynthesis, which in turn feeds back in the hypothalamus to reduce GHRH biosynthesis, and 3) reduction of hypothalamic GH-stimulatory activity tones down the initial pituitary somatotropic hyperfunction.

Gene_expression (biosynthesis) of GHRH in hypothalamus associated with clonidine

7) Confidence 0.67 Published 1996 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 8632352 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.85

Administration of the GH releasing hormone (GHRH) induced pronounced GH secretion in reserpine pretreated animals of both sexes; this effect was not significantly affected by gonadectomy.

Gene_expression (Administration) of GH releasing hormone

8) Confidence 0.66 Published 1988 Journal J. Neural Transm. Section Abstract Doc Link 3126262 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.46

Administration of the GH releasing hormone (GHRH) induced pronounced GH secretion in reserpine pretreated animals of both sexes; this effect was not significantly affected by gonadectomy.

Gene_expression (Administration) of GHRH

9) Confidence 0.66 Published 1988 Journal J. Neural Transm. Section Abstract Doc Link 3126262 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.46

Administration of an anti-SS serum (SS-ab, 300 microliters, ip) induced a significant rise in plasma GH levels, while administration of an anti-GHRH serum (GHRH-ab, 100 microliters, ip) was associated with a striking fall in GH levels.

Gene_expression (administration) of GHRH-ab in plasma associated with somatostatin

10) Confidence 0.65 Published 1987 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2881775 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.73

Administration of an anti-SS serum (SS-ab, 300 microliters, ip) induced a significant rise in plasma GH levels, while administration of an anti-GHRH serum (GHRH-ab, 100 microliters, ip) was associated with a striking fall in GH levels.

Gene_expression (administration) of GHRH-ab in plasma associated with somatostatin

11) Confidence 0.65 Published 1987 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2881775 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.73

The mechanisms involved in such effects were evaluated by measuring pituitary GH mRNA levels and hypothalamic levels of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) mRNAs.

Gene_expression (levels) of GH-releasing hormone in pituitary associated with somatostatin

12) Confidence 0.65 Published 1996 Journal J. Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 8958779 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.31

The mechanisms involved in such effects were evaluated by measuring pituitary GH mRNA levels and hypothalamic levels of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) mRNAs.

Gene_expression (levels) of GHRH in pituitary associated with somatostatin

13) Confidence 0.65 Published 1996 Journal J. Endocrinol. Section Abstract Doc Link 8958779 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.31

Experimental evidence indicates that GHRH synthesis is impaired with aging in the rat hypothalamus, and that a relative hyperfunction of the SS-ergic system is present.

Gene_expression (synthesis) of GHRH in hypothalamus associated with aging and somatostatin

14) Confidence 0.63 Published 2002 Journal Neurobiol. Aging Section Abstract Doc Link 12392795 Disease Relevance 0.26 Pain Relevance 0.29

According to the conventional limit (less than 10 ng/ml), a false negative response was present in 6, 5 and 6 subjects after GHRH, CLON and PD, respectively.

Gene_expression (present) of GHRH

15) Confidence 0.63 Published 1990 Journal Panminerva Med Section Abstract Doc Link 2263395 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.32

Analysis of plaque sizes (which provides a relative index of the cumulative amount of hormone released per cell) revealed that GRF produced a bimodal frequency distribution of plaque sizes, demonstrating that some somatotropes released more hormone than others after treatment with a maximal dose of this secretagogue.

Gene_expression (produced) of GRF in somatotropes

16) Confidence 0.62 Published 1988 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 3123835 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.09

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): GH response to GHRH (expressed as the area under the curve [AUC]) in different experimental conditions.

Gene_expression (expressed) of GHRH

17) Confidence 0.62 Published 2002 Journal Fertil. Steril. Section Body Doc Link 12413983 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0

Administration of an anti-SS serum (SS-ab, 300 microliters, ip) induced a significant rise in plasma GH levels, while administration of an anti-GHRH serum (GHRH-ab, 100 microliters, ip) was associated with a striking fall in GH levels.

Gene_expression (administration) of anti-GHRH in plasma associated with somatostatin

18) Confidence 0.57 Published 1987 Journal Endocrinology Section Abstract Doc Link 2881775 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.72

Moreover we have evaluated in intact male rats the effect of exogenous GH on median eminence (ME) GHRH stores and the ability of FK 33-824 to stimulate GH and prolactin (PRL) secretion and of exogenous GHRH to induce GH secretion.

Gene_expression (stores) of GHRH in median eminence

19) Confidence 0.55 Published 1987 Journal J. Endocrinol. Invest. Section Abstract Doc Link 2957419 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.54

Plasma growth hormone releasing factor levels in children: physiological and pharmacologically induced variations.

Gene_expression (levels) of Plasma growth hormone releasing factor in Plasma

20) Confidence 0.55 Published 1986 Journal Horm. Res. Section Title Doc Link 3093352 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.08

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