INT337100

Context Info Confidence 0.71 First Reported 2010 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 3 Total Number 21 Disease Relevance 45.04 Pain Relevance 1.64

cell differentiation (Mgp) extracellular space (Mgp) extracellular region (Mgp) endoplasmic reticulum (Mgp) protein complex assembly (Mgp) protein complex (Mgp)

Anatomy Link Frequency vessels 5 plasma 1 plaques 1 basal ganglia 1 heart 1 Mgp (Mus musculus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Inflammatory marker 57 99.64 Inflammation 361 96.64 Dopamine 42 78.28 agonist 6 77.28 beta blocker 57 46.20 substance P 10 41.68 Dynorphin 6 40.72 Enkephalin 10 39.60 cocaine 10 37.44 cytokine 19 26.92

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Calcification 1767 100.00 Diabetes Mellitus 1349 99.96 Coronary Artery Disease 1444 99.92 INFLAMMATION 399 99.64 Atherosclerosis 361 99.48 Disorder Of Lipid Metabolism 171 97.88 Vascular Disease 19 94.56 Carotid Artery Diseases 19 93.36 Cardiovascular Disease 133 91.44 Sclerosis 57 86.60

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This is consistent with the high MGP mRNA expression observed in atherosclerotic vessels and plaques in patients with type 1 diabetes [9,13].

Gene_expression (expression) of MGP mRNA in plaques associated with calcification, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis

1) Confidence 0.71 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.90 Pain Relevance 0.04

Taken together, our and previous studies suggest that arterial calcification may lead to increased MGP expression, probably in a feedback attempt to reduce bone-like formation of calcium deposits in the vessel walls.

Gene_expression (expression) of MGP associated with calcification

2) Confidence 0.71 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.18 Pain Relevance 0.19

However, levels of MGP has been demonstrated to be high in calcified vessels, where MGP most probably is expressed as an inhibitory counteraction of the calcification process [6,23].

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP in vessels associated with calcification

3) Confidence 0.71 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.93 Pain Relevance 0.11

In healthy vessels MGP is synthesized at a low rate, probably because the need for calcification inhibition is low [9,23].

Gene_expression (synthesized) of MGP in vessels associated with calcification

4) Confidence 0.62 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 3.06 Pain Relevance 0.06

In individuals without compromised kidney function as in the present study, levels of circulating MGP depend primarily on the synthesis and secretion and clearance of MGP from VSMC and subsequent binding of MGP to calcified areas within the vascular wall.

Gene_expression (synthesis) of MGP in kidney associated with calcification

5) Confidence 0.62 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.73 Pain Relevance 0.04

In the present study we found that significantly more patients with IHD were treated with statins, so we cannot exclude that this has influenced the levels of MGP.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification and coronary artery disease

6) Confidence 0.62 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.39 Pain Relevance 0.20

However, levels of MGP has been demonstrated to be high in calcified vessels, where MGP most probably is expressed as an inhibitory counteraction of the calcification process [6,23].

Gene_expression (expressed) of MGP in vessels associated with calcification

7) Confidence 0.62 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.82 Pain Relevance 0.12

In a multiple regression analyses there were however no association between MGP levels and statin use or LDL-levels, adjusting for significant covariates, but we do not now if MGP can be used as a biomarker or positive indicator for prognosis of IHD.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification and coronary artery disease

8) Confidence 0.61 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.72 Pain Relevance 0.03

VSMCs grown in culture contain high levels of MGP, which is thought to limit the rate of calcification.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification

9) Confidence 0.61 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 3.30 Pain Relevance 0

We found an additive effect of T2D and IHD on MGP levels, which has never been demonstrated previously.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

10) Confidence 0.61 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.81 Pain Relevance 0.03

The present study is to our knowledge the first to compare MGP expression in patients with either T2D or IHD or both.

Gene_expression (expression) of MGP associated with calcification, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

11) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.01 Pain Relevance 0

In conclusion, in patients with T2D and IHD we found increased levels of plasma MGP which may indicate progressing media and intima calcification processes.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP in plasma associated with calcification, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

12) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.61 Pain Relevance 0.04

Levels of MGP, YKL-40 and hsCRP were increased in patients with IHD and/or T2D (p < 0.0001) and patients with T2D and IHD had higher MGP levels (p < 0.001).

Gene_expression (Levels) of MGP associated with calcification, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

13) Confidence 0.55 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Abstract Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.74 Pain Relevance 0.12

In vessels from patients with diabetes, MGP levels are lower than in normal vessels, which suggest that reduced MGP in diabetes may predispose to calcification [24].

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP in vessels associated with calcification and diabetes mellitus

14) Confidence 0.54 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 3.06 Pain Relevance 0.10

We found that patients treated with statins had higher levels of MGP, and since we also found a positive correlation between HDL levels and MGP and a negative correlation between LDL levels and MGP, it could be speculated that higher MGP levels were an indication of better clinical and prognostic regulation of lipid levels due to statin treatment.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification and disorder of lipid metabolism

15) Confidence 0.54 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.76 Pain Relevance 0.06

We found that patients treated with statins had higher levels of MGP, and since we also found a positive correlation between HDL levels and MGP and a negative correlation between LDL levels and MGP, it could be speculated that higher MGP levels were an indication of better clinical and prognostic regulation of lipid levels due to statin treatment.

Gene_expression (levels) of MGP associated with calcification and disorder of lipid metabolism

16) Confidence 0.54 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.76 Pain Relevance 0.12

Increased levels of the calcification marker Matrix Gla Protein and the inflammatory markers YKL-40 and CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease Objective and design

Gene_expression (levels) of Matrix Gla Protein in heart associated with calcification, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and inflammatory marker

17) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Title Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 2.40 Pain Relevance 0.14

Levels of MGP were significantly higher in patients treated with statins (2.32 ± 0.37 vs. 1.83 ± 0.41, p < 0.001) and ACE-inhibitors (2.36 ± 0.43 vs. 1.95 ± 0.43, p < 0.001) compared to non-treated.

Gene_expression (Levels) of MGP associated with calcification

18) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Cardiovasc Diabetol Section Body Doc Link PMC3016330 Disease Relevance 1.96 Pain Relevance 0

This last group was divided into Type IIa (projecting to the LGP, MGP, and SNr) and Type IIb (projecting to the LGP and SNr).

Gene_expression (projecting) of MGP

19) Confidence 0.39 Published 2010 Journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Section Body Doc Link PMC2955397 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.05

According to the classical model of the basal ganglia, about half of the MSNs would project exclusively to the SNr/MGP, and the other half to the LGP (Alexander et al., 1990; DeLong, 1990).

Gene_expression (project) of MGP in basal ganglia

20) Confidence 0.39 Published 2010 Journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Section Body Doc Link PMC2955397 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.14

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