INT35467

Context Info Confidence 0.65 First Reported 1983 Last Reported 2010 Negated 3 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 37 Total Number 39 Disease Relevance 9.56 Pain Relevance 12.61

small molecule metabolic process (DIO2) plasma membrane (DIO2) cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (DIO2)

Anatomy Link Frequency spinal cord 3 dorsal horns 3 corticotroph 3 fingers 2 striatum 2 DIO2 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat dopamine receptor 65 100.00 antagonist 149 99.96 Dorsal horn 50 99.68 Dopamine 1316 99.62 agonist 304 99.58 Spinal cord 441 99.56 withdrawal 36 99.44 chemokine 45 99.30 Anterior cingulate 2 98.12 noradrenaline 35 97.90

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Cancer 229 100.00 Necrosis 20 100.00 Prolactinoma 144 99.98 Acth-secreting Pituitary Adenoma 42 99.98 Adenoma 48 99.78 Syndrome 96 96.92 Dystonia 37 96.56 Disease 332 95.04 INFLAMMATION 23 94.32 Metabolic Disorder 1 91.92

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

Similar effects were produced by the selective D-2 antagonists, sulpiride and metoclopramide, which had no effect on hyperpolarizations evoked by norepinephrine.

Gene_expression (produced) of D-2 associated with antagonist

1) Confidence 0.65 Published 1985 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 3157424 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.70

The possibility of a defect in d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenation prompted us to employ E. coli d-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase cDNA to search the human expressed sequence tags database.

Gene_expression (expressed) of d-2

2) Confidence 0.65 Published 2000 Journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Section Abstract Doc Link 10679197 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.09

Group D 2 1,000 mL of 10% of glucose in water, 40 units of fast acting insulin in the same rate as Group B.

Gene_expression (acting) of D 2

3) Confidence 0.65 Published 2008 Journal Arch Cardiol Mex Section Abstract Doc Link 18754408 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.09

There was a significantly higher peak pain rating after D2 compared to C2 during MVBF or MVJO (P<0.022), whereas no significant difference in peak pain ratings was found between A2 and B2 (P>0.084).

Neg (no) Gene_expression (was) of D2

4) Confidence 0.52 Published 2010 Journal Clin Neurophysiol Section Body Doc Link 20153690 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Without D2 activation, acceleration of contraction is blocked, movement acceleration cannot occur, and stepping fails.

Gene_expression (activation) of D2

5) Confidence 0.35 Published 2010 Journal J Neural Transm Section Body Doc Link PMC3000910 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.20

Urinary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandins E2, D2 and F2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 were not different among either patient groups or controls.

Gene_expression (concentrations) of D2 associated with necrosis and cancer

6) Confidence 0.32 Published 1994 Journal J. Urol. Section Abstract Doc Link 8015071 Disease Relevance 1.36 Pain Relevance 0.42

As dopamine release is acutely impaired, synaptic concentration cannot achieve a level necessary for micromolar D2 activation.

Gene_expression (activation) of D2 associated with dopamine

7) Confidence 0.31 Published 2010 Journal J Neural Transm Section Body Doc Link PMC3000910 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.21

In the present study, the density of striatal DA terminals and DA receptors and the expression of D-1, D-2, and D-3 receptors, preproenkephalin (PPE-A), preprotachykinin (PPT), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNAs in the striatum and nucleus accumbens and nigral TH mRNA expression were examined.

Gene_expression (expression) of D-2 in nucleus accumbens associated with nucleus accumbens and dopamine

8) Confidence 0.29 Published 2004 Journal Exp. Neurol. Section Abstract Doc Link 15530890 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.59

It is well accepted that, in humans, most circulating T3 is derived from extrathyroidal deiodination of T4 via D2 [3]; thus, it makes sense to hypothesize that defects in D2 expression/activity could interfere with the efficacy of L-T4 monotherapy.

Gene_expression (expression) of D2

9) Confidence 0.27 Published 2010 Journal F1000 Med Rep Section Body Doc Link PMC2950057 Disease Relevance 0.72 Pain Relevance 0.10

Role of dopamine agonists in proliferation of D2 receptors

Gene_expression (receptors) of D2 associated with dopamine and agonist

10) Confidence 0.22 Published 2008 Journal Theor Biol Med Model Section Body Doc Link PMC2615745 Disease Relevance 0.16 Pain Relevance 0.60

Because the D2 reductions are associated with decreased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus and in the orbitofrontal cortex they postulate that this is one of the mechanisms by which DA disruption leads to compulsive drug administration and the lack of control over drug intake in the drug-addicted individual.

Gene_expression (reductions) of D2 in cortex associated with dopamine and anterior cingulate

11) Confidence 0.19 Published 2008 Journal Theor Biol Med Model Section Body Doc Link PMC2615745 Disease Relevance 0.32 Pain Relevance 0.58

Venlafaxine probably inhibits serotonin uptake only in low doses, whereas both serotonin and noradrenaline uptake are inhibited following high doses.115 The drug does not possess significant affinity for 5HT1A, 5HT2A, D2, muscarinic, or ?

Gene_expression (5HT2A) of D2 associated with noradrenaline and serotonin

12) Confidence 0.18 Published 2010 Journal Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Section Body Doc Link PMC2938284 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.42

In the dopamine receptor network, many ligands are preferably predicted for dopamine receptor D2, and small number of ligands like perphenazine hydrochloride (D04965) is common among all dopamine receptors (D1, D2 and D3).

Gene_expression (predicted) of D2 associated with dopamine receptor

13) Confidence 0.17 Published 2008 Journal Bioinformatics Section Body Doc Link PMC2718640 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.53

Repeated measures ANOVA for factors GROUP and SESSION revealed no significant interaction for d1 of the right hand (F(3,60)= 0.060, p = 0.981) and left d2 (F(3,60) =0.387, p = 0.763), but for fingers d2 (F(3,60) =7.519, p ?

Gene_expression (left) of d2 in fingers

14) Confidence 0.14 Published 2008 Journal Clinical Interventions in Aging Section Body Doc Link PMC2682400 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Repeated measures ANOVA for factors GROUP and SESSION revealed no significant interaction for d1 of the right hand (F(3,60)= 0.060, p = 0.981) and left d2 (F(3,60) =0.387, p = 0.763), but for fingers d2 (F(3,60) =7.519, p ?

Gene_expression (=7.519) of d2 in fingers

15) Confidence 0.14 Published 2008 Journal Clinical Interventions in Aging Section Body Doc Link PMC2682400 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

By contrast, we show that the D2 and D3 receptor subtypes are expressed in the lumbar spinal cord as in the rat where the D2 [58], [59] and D3 [60] receptor subtypes are highly expressed.

Gene_expression (expressed) of D2 in spinal cord associated with spinal cord

16) Confidence 0.13 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2954154 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.80

Overall, D2, D3 and D5 receptor subtypes were expressed in the lumbar spinal cord sections.

Gene_expression (expressed) of D2 in spinal cord associated with spinal cord

17) Confidence 0.13 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2954154 Disease Relevance 0.11 Pain Relevance 0.49

As D2 receptors are more highly expressed in the dorsal horn, their stimulation might contribute to modulating the somesthetic processes and spinal reflexes [13].

Gene_expression (expressed) of D2 in dorsal horn associated with dorsal horn

18) Confidence 0.13 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2954154 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.64

The detection of D2 labeling in spinal cord sections showed that D2 receptors were intensely expressed in the dorsal horns mainly within the laminae I to VI, as illustrated in Figure 2C.

Gene_expression (expressed) of D2 in dorsal horns associated with spinal cord

19) Confidence 0.13 Published 2010 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2954154 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.36

Levels in D2 were higher than S2 or controls for MCP-1 and M-CSF.

Gene_expression (Levels) of D2

20) Confidence 0.12 Published 2010 Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Section Body Doc Link PMC2950153 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.34

General Comments

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