INT4861

Context Info Confidence 0.80 First Reported 1982 Last Reported 2010 Negated 1 Speculated 6 Reported most in Abstract Documents 84 Total Number 90 Disease Relevance 8.26 Pain Relevance 28.03

signal transduction (GRP) extracellular space (GRP) extracellular region (GRP)

Anatomy Link Frequency nerve 7 nasal 6 pancreas 5 lung 4 skin 3 GRP (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Neuropeptide 176 100.00 Somatostatin 111 100.00 Enkephalin 92 100.00 substance P 80 100.00 Chronic pancreatitis 12 100.00 Serotonin 8 100.00 Dopamine 4 100.00 Cholecystokinin 30 99.96 antagonist 98 99.92 vagus nerve 10 99.82

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Pancreatitis 13 100.00 Small Cell Lung Cancer 10 99.72 Nociception 8 99.44 Natriuresis 2 99.36 Small Cell Lung Carcinoma 2 99.32 Spinal Cord Injury 67 99.12 Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors 6 99.08 Ganglion Cysts 19 96.64 Cancer 29 96.56 Duodenal Ulcer 3 95.72

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

The study, using the antibody elution method, strongly suggests the co-localization of GRP- and VIP-LIs within a part of VIP-containing nerve fibers.

Localization (co-localization) of GRP in nerve

1) Confidence 0.80 Published 1993 Journal Pancreas Section Abstract Doc Link 8361958 Disease Relevance 0.17 Pain Relevance 0.20

Effects of gastrin-releasing peptide and analogues on guinea pig nasal mucosal secretion.

Localization (secretion) of gastrin-releasing peptide in nasal

2) Confidence 0.79 Published 1993 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Section Title Doc Link 8476064 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.08

Capsaicin, a stimulant of nociceptive sensory nerves, stimulated GRP release into nasal secretions.

Localization (release) of GRP in nasal associated with nociception and qutenza

3) Confidence 0.79 Published 1993 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 8476064 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.10

Substance P, somatostatin, VIP, CCK, angiotensin II, and bombesin have all been localized by immunohistochemical or radioimmunological means in neurons of sensory ganglia or in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Localization (localized) of bombesin in neurons associated with dorsal horn, somatostatin, spinal cord and substance p

4) Confidence 0.78 Published 1982 Journal Life Sci. Section Abstract Doc Link 6180272 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.52

Exposure of 'variant' small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC cells, which secrete low concentrations (< 0.01 pmol/mg protein) of bombesin, to nanomolar concentrations of methadone resulted in increased levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases and inactivation of MAP kinase, suppression of the bcl-2 protein, and induction of apoptosis.

Localization (secrete) of bombesin in lung associated with small cell lung carcinoma, methadone, apoptosis and small cell lung cancer

5) Confidence 0.78 Published 1999 Journal Cancer Lett. Section Abstract Doc Link 10355747 Disease Relevance 1.00 Pain Relevance 0.93

These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and 'classic' SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone.

Localization (secrete) of bombesin associated with methadone and small cell lung cancer

6) Confidence 0.78 Published 1999 Journal Cancer Lett. Section Abstract Doc Link 10355747 Disease Relevance 0.94 Pain Relevance 0.93

In the skin, nerve fibres may secrete neuromediators, i.e. substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, calcitonin-gene-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, neuropeptide Y, peptide histidine-isoleucine, neurotensin, neurokinins A and B, bradykinin, acetylcholine, catecholamines, endorphins and enkephalins.

Localization (secrete) of gastrin-releasing peptide in skin associated with catecholamine, neuropeptide, somatostatin, enkephalin, bradykinin and substance p

7) Confidence 0.78 Published 1997 Journal Br. J. Dermatol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9470898 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.34

Neurons containing gastrin releasing peptide-like immunoreactivity in the human pancreas.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin releasing peptide in pancreas associated with neuropeptide

8) Confidence 0.75 Published 1993 Journal Pancreas Section Title Doc Link 8361958 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0.11

The results of this study demonstrate that GRP stimulates K and Na secretion across the porcine distal colon epithelium and that these processes are dependent, in part, on a bumetanide-sensitive transport pathway located in the basolateral membrane.

Localization (secretion) of GRP in epithelium

9) Confidence 0.75 Published 1996 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 8638666 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.10

METHODS: The effects of treatment with bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist [D-Tpi6, Leu13 psi(CH2NH)Leu14]BN(6-14)(RC-3095), an agonist of LH-RH [D-Lys6]-LH-RH and their combination were investigated in the androgen-dependent Dunning R-3327H rat prostate cancer model.

Localization (releasing) of bombesin

10) Confidence 0.73 Published 1993 Journal Cancer Section Body Doc Link 8242552 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0

Antagonists of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptides as adjuncts to agonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the treatment of experimental prostate cancer.

Localization (releasing) of bombesin associated with antagonist, agonist and prostate cancer

11) Confidence 0.73 Published 1993 Journal Cancer Section Title Doc Link 8242552 Disease Relevance 0.36 Pain Relevance 0.24

The distributions of nerve cells and fibers with immunoreactivity for the peptides substance P, somatostatin, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuropeptide Y and the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase were examined in 25 samples of human esophagus.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide in esophagus associated with neuropeptide, somatostatin, enkephalin and substance p

12) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal Gastroenterology Section Abstract Doc Link 2445618 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.56

Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell bodies were very rare in the myenteric plexus, no gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive cell bodies were seen, and both somatostatin and gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive fibers were rare.

Neg (no) Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide associated with somatostatin

13) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal Gastroenterology Section Abstract Doc Link 2445618 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.84

Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell bodies were very rare in the myenteric plexus, no gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive cell bodies were seen, and both somatostatin and gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive fibers were rare.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide associated with somatostatin

14) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal Gastroenterology Section Abstract Doc Link 2445618 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.73

Gastric and intestinal samples contained dense populations of fibers containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and enkephalin in the equivalent layers, but somatostatin- and gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive fibers were scarce.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide associated with somatostatin, neuropeptide, enkephalin and substance p

15) Confidence 0.73 Published 1987 Journal Gastroenterology Section Abstract Doc Link 2445618 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.94

Calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, enkephalin, somatostatin, substance P, cholecystokinin and polypeptide YY were found in normal lung tissues, whereas ACTH and several other bioactive substances should be regarded as ectopic.

Localization (releasing) of bombesin in lung associated with somatostatin, enkephalin, cholecystokinin, substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide

16) Confidence 0.73 Published 1992 Journal Eur J Morphol Section Abstract Doc Link 1280975 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.34

Calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, enkephalin, somatostatin, substance P, cholecystokinin and polypeptide YY were found in normal lung tissues, whereas ACTH and several other bioactive substances should be regarded as ectopic.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide in lung associated with somatostatin, enkephalin, cholecystokinin, substance p and calcitonin gene-related peptide

17) Confidence 0.73 Published 1992 Journal Eur J Morphol Section Abstract Doc Link 1280975 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.34

Regulation of co-expression of three neuropeptide genes, i.e. genes encoding enkephalin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin-releasing peptide, was studied in human neuroepithelioma cells.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide associated with peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors, neuropeptide, enkephalin and cholecystokinin

18) Confidence 0.73 Published 1990 Journal J. Biol. Chem. Section Abstract Doc Link 2211684 Disease Relevance 0.10 Pain Relevance 0.51

In nondifferentiated state, the continuous cell line SK-N-MC displayed an equally high level of expression of the enkephalin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin-releasing peptide genes.

Localization (releasing) of gastrin-releasing peptide in SK-N-MC associated with enkephalin and cholecystokinin

19) Confidence 0.73 Published 1990 Journal J. Biol. Chem. Section Abstract Doc Link 2211684 Disease Relevance 0.15 Pain Relevance 0.62

Bombesin, a tachykinin and VIP may control gastric secretion, and VIP may have vasodilatory functions as well as inhibitory functions on gut motility at least in some species.

Localization (secretion) of Bombesin in gut

20) Confidence 0.73 Published 1985 Journal Peptides Section Abstract Doc Link 2421264 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.24

General Comments

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