INT58875

Context Info Confidence 0.60 First Reported 1993 Last Reported 2010 Negated 1 Speculated 0 Reported most in Body Documents 20 Total Number 20 Disease Relevance 3.88 Pain Relevance 4.19

cytosol (FGD1) signal transduction (FGD1) Golgi apparatus (FGD1) plasma membrane (FGD1) cytoskeleton (FGD1) nucleus (FGD1)

Anatomy Link Frequency body 2 FGD1 (Homo sapiens)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat Glutamate 12 100.00 Pain 143 98.52 cocaine 26 98.32 excitatory amino acid 6 97.68 Analgesic 91 96.48 Arthritis 20 96.48 depression 73 96.00 alcohol 195 95.32 opiate 13 95.32 spinal dorsal horn 18 92.44

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Disease 13 98.76 Pain 146 98.52 Weight Gain 39 98.32 Acne 78 98.16 Aggression 195 96.80 Rheumatoid Arthritis 29 96.48 Suicidal Behaviour 52 96.20 Depression 73 96.00 Reprotox - General 1 52 90.88 Reprotox - General 3 91 89.76

Sentences Mentioned In

Key:

Protein

Mutation

Event

Anatomy

Negation

Speculation

Pain term

Disease term

To prevent AAS-related problems and to enhance the AAS effects, they added various pharmaceuticals, such as ephedrine, testosterone releasers and anti-estrogens, and also alcohol.

Positive_regulation (enhance) of AAS associated with alcohol

1) Confidence 0.60 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.13

Monaghan [16] interviewed 67 bodybuilders and weight-lifters concerning their motivation for use of AAS.

Positive_regulation (motivation) of AAS

2) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.11 Pain Relevance 0.03

He soon began using AAS more steadily.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS

3) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.14 Pain Relevance 0.03

At the age of 21, she met a man who was using AAS.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS

4) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.12 Pain Relevance 0.24

She finally stopped taking AAS after encountering problems such as pain and acne but above all because of her aggression and suicide attempts.

Positive_regulation (taking) of AAS associated with pain, suicidal behaviour, aggression and acne

5) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.59 Pain Relevance 0.13

Irene was just over 26 when she stopped using AAS after a final course consisting of oral methenolone acetate, an ephedra preparation, ephedrine tablets and bronchodilators.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS

6) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.42 Pain Relevance 0.24

Even before he began trying AAS, Joe had started using various dietary supplements such as protein and creatine.

Positive_regulation (trying) of AAS

7) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.09 Pain Relevance 0.07

Bill had read about AAS and, while he was thinking about starting to compete, he felt he needed to begin taking AAS so as to increase his body size, since he believed everyone in elite level bodybuilding was using AAS.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS in body

8) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.23 Pain Relevance 0.06

Two patients in our study who began using AAS because they wished to compete in bodybuilding believed that AAS use was essential for success in this field.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS

9) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.14

The reasons given for the increasing numbers of preparations were to increase the effects of training and the effects of the AAS or to reduce what were believed to be side effects of AAS.

Positive_regulation (increase) of AAS

10) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.23

Since she wanted to have a larger and stronger body, she began using AAS (oral methandrostenolone), and she discontinued her use of drugs of abuse.

Positive_regulation (using) of AAS in body

11) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.20 Pain Relevance 0.23

Again, a major finding was that most of the users in this study reported largely positive experiences of AAS.

Positive_regulation (experiences) of AAS

12) Confidence 0.43 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0.03

The reasons usually given for this are that the combination both increases the effects of AAS and decreases various physical and psychological side effects.

Positive_regulation (increases) of AAS

13) Confidence 0.40 Published 2008 Journal Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Section Body Doc Link PMC2612649 Disease Relevance 0.73 Pain Relevance 0.08

The concentrations of excitatory AAs (glutamate and aspartate) and inhibitory AAs (gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine) decreased and were stabilized by 45 minutes after probe implantation, whereas the levels of nonneurotransmitter AAs (alanine and threonine) were not stabilized at 60 minutes.

Positive_regulation (stabilized) of AAs associated with glutamate

14) Confidence 0.39 Published 2001 Journal J. Neurosurg. Section Abstract Doc Link 11147857 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.35

The concentrations of excitatory AAs (glutamate and aspartate) and inhibitory AAs (gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine) decreased and were stabilized by 45 minutes after probe implantation, whereas the levels of nonneurotransmitter AAs (alanine and threonine) were not stabilized at 60 minutes.

Positive_regulation (stabilized) of AAs associated with glutamate

15) Confidence 0.39 Published 2001 Journal J. Neurosurg. Section Abstract Doc Link 11147857 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.34

The concentrations of excitatory AAs (glutamate and aspartate) and inhibitory AAs (gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine) decreased and were stabilized by 45 minutes after probe implantation, whereas the levels of nonneurotransmitter AAs (alanine and threonine) were not stabilized at 60 minutes.

Neg (not) Positive_regulation (stabilized) of AAs associated with glutamate

16) Confidence 0.39 Published 2001 Journal J. Neurosurg. Section Abstract Doc Link 11147857 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.40

The increase of AAs may also contribute to the sequence of events leading to AD, though the exact mechanism remains unknown.

Positive_regulation (increase) of AAs

17) Confidence 0.38 Published 1993 Journal Brain Res. Section Abstract Doc Link 8330214 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.46

In a village in Ciamis district, an additional FGD was conducted for community leaders who were responsible for the Desa Siaga program since this was the only village in which the program had been successfully conducted.

Positive_regulation (conducted) of FGD

18) Confidence 0.07 Published 2010 Journal BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Section Body Doc Link PMC2928756 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

For the other AAs, only serine and asparagine increased after incision.

Positive_regulation (increased) of AAs

19) Confidence 0.05 Published 2002 Journal Pain Section Abstract Doc Link 12435460 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0.88

Many patients acquire AAS in the first 3 years of their disease, but neurological impairments develop after a mean period of 18 years (range 4–50 years) [8].

Positive_regulation (acquire) of AAS associated with disease

20) Confidence 0.04 Published 2006 Journal BMC Musculoskelet Disord Section Body Doc Link PMC1420300 Disease Relevance 0.46 Pain Relevance 0.14

General Comments

This test has worked.