INT71933

Context Info Confidence 0.56 First Reported 1997 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 2 Reported most in Body Documents 19 Total Number 21 Disease Relevance 14.24 Pain Relevance 2.53

peptidase activity (F2) extracellular space (F2) extracellular region (F2) plasma membrane (F2)

Anatomy Link Frequency blood 8 platelet 6 chest 4 plasma 2 macrophages 2 F2 (Homo sapiens) F2 - G20210A (1)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat spastic colon 29 99.52 alcohol 1 99.00 cva 133 96.84 Restless leg syndrome 61 96.04 Inflammation 173 90.24 cytokine 162 89.20 Inflammatory mediators 4 87.76 Pain 66 86.68 corticosteroid 28 84.48 Angina 26 82.32

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Thrombocytopenia 8 100.00 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 7 100.00 Myocardial Infarction 137 99.84 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 10 99.66 Diabetes Mellitus 122 99.60 Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Irritable Bowel Syndrome Super 25 99.52 Hyperglycemia 75 99.34 Thrombophilia 232 99.14 Alcohol Addiction 1 99.12 Vasculitis 18 98.40

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Event

Anatomy

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Augmented local thrombin production in myocardial infarction patients with glucose >7.0 mmol/l was accompanied by increased platelet activation, reflected by elevated sCD40L levels in venous plasma and bleeding time blood.

Positive_regulation (Augmented) of Gene_expression (production) of thrombin in blood associated with hemorrhage and myocardial infarction

1) Confidence 0.56 Published 2008 Journal Diabetes Care Section Body Doc Link PMC2494657 Disease Relevance 0.99 Pain Relevance 0

We used the following definitions: cardiac failure was defined as requiring use of inotropic agents; respiratory failure was defined as the need for assisted ventilatiory support; ARDS was defined as clinical deterioration with severe arterial hypoxaemia and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph; disseminated intravenous coagulation (DIC) was defined as elevated prothrombin time (PT) with elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased fibrinogen (FIB) level with thrombocytopenia; liver function impairment was defined as aminotransferase (ALT or AST) levels ?

Positive_regulation (as) of Gene_expression (time) of prothrombin in chest associated with respiratory failure, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction

2) Confidence 0.49 Published 2008 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2515635 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.08

The following data were collected from the Institutional Database or direct analysis of the perfusion files: demographics: age (months), weight (kg), gender; type of surgical operation with Aristotle complexity score [16]; preoperative laboratory data: hematocrit (percentage), platelet count (cells/microliter), prothrombin time (seconds), activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds), antithrombin (percentage), serum creatinine value (milligrams per deciliter); CPB data: CPB duration (minutes), lowest temperature on CPB (degrees Centigrade), use of blood prime, ScVO2 values (percentage), and lactate values (mmol/L).

Spec (partial) Positive_regulation (activated) of Gene_expression (time) of prothrombin in blood

3) Confidence 0.49 Published 2010 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC2945132 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

We used the following definitions: cardiac failure was defined as requiring use of inotropic agents; respiratory failure was defined as the need for assisted ventilatiory support; ARDS was defined as clinical deterioration with severe arterial hypoxaemia and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph; disseminated intravenous coagulation (DIC) was defined as elevated prothrombin time (PT) with elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased fibrinogen (FIB) level with thrombocytopenia; liver function impairment was defined as aminotransferase (ALT or AST) levels ?

Spec (partial) Positive_regulation (elevated) of Gene_expression (time) of prothrombin in chest associated with respiratory failure, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction

4) Confidence 0.49 Published 2008 Journal PLoS ONE Section Body Doc Link PMC2515635 Disease Relevance 0.61 Pain Relevance 0.07

This condition develops as the result of the formation of antibodies to the heparin-platelet factor 4 complex, which causes secondary activation of platelets, coagulation, and ultimately increased thrombin production.33

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (production.33) of thrombin in platelets

5) Confidence 0.48 Published 2010 Journal Vascular Health and Risk Management Section Body Doc Link PMC2879296 Disease Relevance 1.06 Pain Relevance 0.04

Hypercoagulability develops in septic patients, resulting in enhanced thrombin generation, thrombin activation, and fibrin formation.

Positive_regulation (enhanced) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin associated with thrombophilia

6) Confidence 0.46 Published 2006 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC1794466 Disease Relevance 0.73 Pain Relevance 0.09

Our results show that unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins potently inhibit monocytic tissue factor induced thrombin generation.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin

7) Confidence 0.40 Published 1999 Journal Haemostasis Section Abstract Doc Link 10844403 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.08

Acute hyperglycemia activates platelet aggregation, enhances thrombin generation, and activates coagulation factor VII (9).

Positive_regulation (enhances) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin in platelet associated with hyperglycemia

8) Confidence 0.38 Published 2008 Journal Diabetes Care Section Body Doc Link PMC2494657 Disease Relevance 1.64 Pain Relevance 0.14

In summary, our findings demonstrate that acute hyperglycemia in acute myocardial infarction patients without a previous history of diabetes is associated with increased thrombin generation and platelet activation at the site of vascular injury as well as greater resistance to fibrinolysis.

Positive_regulation (increased) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin in platelet associated with hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, vasculitis and myocardial infarction

9) Confidence 0.38 Published 2008 Journal Diabetes Care Section Body Doc Link PMC2494657 Disease Relevance 1.00 Pain Relevance 0

Hypercoagulability develops in septic patients, resulting in enhanced thrombin generation, thrombin activation, and fibrin formation.

Positive_regulation (enhanced) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin associated with thrombophilia

10) Confidence 0.33 Published 2006 Journal Crit Care Section Body Doc Link PMC1794466 Disease Relevance 0.74 Pain Relevance 0.09

The prothrombin mutation is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels (factor II activity >130 percent) and is present in about 2–5 percent of healthy individuals.

Positive_regulation (elevated) of Gene_expression (levels) of prothrombin in plasma

11) Confidence 0.25 Published 2003 Journal Reprod Biol Endocrinol Section Body Doc Link PMC305329 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0.13

Prostacyclin production in tryptase and thrombin stimulated human bladder endothelial cells: effect of pretreatment with phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors.

Positive_regulation (stimulated) of in endothelial cells Gene_expression (production) of thrombin in bladder

12) Confidence 0.18 Published 2006 Journal J. Urol. Section Title Doc Link 16952710 Disease Relevance 0.25 Pain Relevance 0.17

Real time RT-PCR analysis of thrombin treated collagen embedded hUtSMC mRNA

Positive_regulation (treated) of Gene_expression (analysis) of thrombin

13) Confidence 0.14 Published 2009 Journal Reprod Biol Endocrinol Section Body Doc Link PMC2645409 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Frequent risk factors include trauma, steroid therapy or hypercortisonism [2-4], alcohol abuse and different coagulopathies, for example, activated protein C (APC) resistance, protein S deficiency, prothrombin mutations and hyperhomocysteinaemia [5,6].

Positive_regulation (activated) of Gene_expression (resistance) of prothrombin associated with injury and alcohol

14) Confidence 0.07 Published 2008 Journal Arthritis Res Ther Section Body Doc Link PMC2592809 Disease Relevance 2.45 Pain Relevance 0.20

This increased lipid accumulation was accompanied by enhanced expression of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, as well as enhanced thrombin formation, transforming macrophages into a prothrombotic phenotype.

Positive_regulation (enhanced) of Gene_expression (expression) of thrombin in macrophages

15) Confidence 0.06 Published 2005 Journal Circulation Section Body Doc Link 16186421 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

Therefore protein C activation will be correspondingly low, and the negative feedback that controls TNF-induced thrombin formation correspondingly weak (Figure 1a), further enhancing concentrations of the above adhesion molecules.

Positive_regulation (induced) of Gene_expression (formation) of thrombin associated with adhesions

16) Confidence 0.06 Published 2006 Journal Malar J Section Body Doc Link PMC1629020 Disease Relevance 0.54 Pain Relevance 0.20

Tissue factor is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that functions in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by acting as a cofactor for factor VII, and the resulting complex leads to thrombin production in vivo.

Positive_regulation (leads) of Gene_expression (production) of thrombin in blood

17) Confidence 0.05 Published 1997 Journal Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. Section Abstract Doc Link 9351394 Disease Relevance 0.58 Pain Relevance 0.49

Four factors were considered to increase the angiogenic potential of the PRP, including the concentrations of thrombin and calcium for platelet activation, the subsequent release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), production of platelet microparticles (PMPs), and inclusion of only peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) among white blood cells (WBCs).

Positive_regulation (increase) of Gene_expression (production) of thrombin in blood

18) Confidence 0.05 Published 2010 Journal The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Section Body Doc Link PMC2984511 Disease Relevance 0.07 Pain Relevance 0

To date, two studies have found an increase in thrombin generation following exercise, and only one of these showed an increase in fibrin breakdown in patients with IC who were not on statin therapy.

Positive_regulation (increase) of Gene_expression (generation) of thrombin associated with restless leg syndrome

19) Confidence 0.03 Published 2006 Journal Thromb J Section Body Doc Link PMC1540420 Disease Relevance 0.49 Pain Relevance 0.27

In one study, colonic biopsies from IBS patients were found to produce elevated levels of serine protease [89].

Positive_regulation (elevated) of Gene_expression (produce) of serine protease associated with spastic colon

20) Confidence 0.02 Published 2008 Journal Parasit Vectors Section Body Doc Link PMC2627840 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0.34

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