INT84599

Context Info Confidence 0.77 First Reported 1999 Last Reported 2010 Negated 0 Speculated 4 Reported most in Body Documents 31 Total Number 39 Disease Relevance 22.58 Pain Relevance 2.54

aging (Aqp2) plasma membrane (Aqp2) protein complex (Aqp2) transmembrane transport (Aqp2) lysosome (Aqp2) cytoplasm (Aqp2)

Anatomy Link Frequency duct 6 kidney 5 urine 4 taste receptor cells 2 plasma 1 Aqp2 (Rattus norvegicus)

Pain Link Frequency Relevance Heat anesthesia 60 99.72 COX-2 inhibitor 10 99.20 agonist 37 99.08 Clonidine 12 98.48 hyperexcitability 3 97.32 antagonist 74 96.90 bradykinin 14 95.80 medulla 26 93.24 cINOD 14 86.56 ischemia 63 80.64

Disease Link Frequency Relevance Heat Aging 12 100.00 Chronic Renal Failure 1841 99.84 Polyuria 33 99.62 Diabetes Insipidus 38 98.74 Injury 190 98.40 Hypertrophy 177 97.84 Adrenal Insufficiency 16 91.64 Thyroid Disease 8 90.60 Renal Disease 96 90.56 Pressure And Volume Under Development 87 89.96

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(b) Immunoblotting studies for AQP2 protein expression in the IMCD from injected rats and in IMCD tubules suspension from 10 normal rats incubated with 10(-7) M fluoxetine. (2) In vitro microperfusion study: The osmotic water permeability (P(f), mum/s) was determined in normal rats IMCD (n = 6), isolated and perfused by the standard methods.

Spec (determined) Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 protein in IMCD

1) Confidence 0.77 Published 2008 Journal Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Section Body Doc Link 18065798 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0

This investigation focused on the possibility that this increase in free water clearance following administration of an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist was associated with a reduction in medullary AQP-2 expression.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP-2 associated with agonist

2) Confidence 0.77 Published 1999 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Abstract Doc Link 10525117 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.46

Regulation of aquaporin-2 expression by the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine in the rat.

Gene_expression (expression) of aquaporin-2 associated with anesthesia, agonist and clonidine

3) Confidence 0.77 Published 1999 Journal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Section Title Doc Link 10525117 Disease Relevance 0 Pain Relevance 0.55

Interestingly, however, taurine supplementation does not significantly affect plasma AVP, urine osmolality [18] or renal aquaporin2 expression.

Gene_expression (expression) of aquaporin2 in plasma

4) Confidence 0.74 Published 2010 Journal J Biomed Sci Section Body Doc Link PMC2994366 Disease Relevance 0.06 Pain Relevance 0

Additional groups of control, TD and TT rats (n=3/group), which were not subjected to ischemic injury, were used for determination of the potential impact of body taurine status on (baseline) renal AQP2 expression [22].

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in body associated with injury

5) Confidence 0.74 Published 2010 Journal J Biomed Sci Section Body Doc Link PMC2994366 Disease Relevance 0.19 Pain Relevance 0

In support of this notion, we now show that the increased baseline urine osmolality is indeed associated with an increase in the renal expression of AQP2, a process that is regulated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and contributes to the increase in water permeability of the collecting ducts [24].

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in ducts

6) Confidence 0.74 Published 2010 Journal J Biomed Sci Section Body Doc Link PMC2994366 Disease Relevance 0.08 Pain Relevance 0

The decreased AQP2 expression in CRF rats was not altered in response to candesartan treatment; 3) Candesartan treatment was associated with decreased NHE3 and TSC expression in CRF, which could be due to the Ang II AT1 receptor blockade and/or decreased aldosterone levels; and 4) BSC-1 expression was increased in both CRF groups and the increased expression of BSC-1 was more prominent in candesartan-treated CRF rats compared with vehicle-treated CRF rats.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 associated with chronic renal failure

7) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 1.23 Pain Relevance 0

Kidney expression of AQP2 was decreased in CRF rats, both vehicle-treated (CRF-V) and candesartan-treated (CRF-C)

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in Kidney associated with chronic renal failure

8) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 1.90 Pain Relevance 0

Thus, these studies all provide firm evidence for the decreased of vasopressin-regulated water channel AQP2 expression and the significant defects in the collecting duct of the kidneys from CRF.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in duct associated with chronic renal failure

9) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 0.75 Pain Relevance 0.05

Semi-quantitative immunoblotting of whole kidney protein samples from CRF rats (remnant kidney) and sham-operated rats (corresponding right whole kidney) demonstrated that CRF rats, both vehicle-treated (57±9% of sham-operated control level, p<0.05) and candesartan-treated (54±6% of sham-operated control level, p<0.05), had significantly decreased AQP2 expression compared with sham-operated controls (Fig. 3, Table 2).

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in kidney associated with chronic renal failure

10) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 1.65 Pain Relevance 0

In the present study, we further examine whether Ang II AT1 receptor blocker candesartan treatment in rats with CRF, where plasma vasopressin and AngII levels are elevated, could alter the downregulation of renal AQP2 expression and decreased urine concentration which were already seen in CRF rats (7).

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in urine associated with chronic renal failure

11) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 0.72 Pain Relevance 0.04

In contrast, the whole kidney AQP2 expression in CRF rats was not altered in response to candesartan treatment (Fig. 3, Table 2).

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in kidney associated with chronic renal failure

12) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 1.45 Pain Relevance 0

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of AngII AT1 receptor blockade on the expression of major renal sodium transporters (NHE3, BSC-1, and TSC) and vasopressin-regulated aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in rats with an early stage of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy.

Spec (examine) Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 associated with chronic renal failure

13) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0.14

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of AngII AT1 receptor blockade on the expression of major renal sodium transporters (NHE3, BSC-1, and TSC) and vasopressin-regulated aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in rats with an early stage of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy.

Spec (examine) Gene_expression (expression) of aquaporin-2 associated with chronic renal failure

14) Confidence 0.72 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 0.35 Pain Relevance 0.14

Because renal prostaglandins are derived largely from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we hypothesized that treatment of NDI with a COX-2 inhibitor may relieve polyuria through increased expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct.

Gene_expression (expression) of aquaporin-2 in duct associated with polyuria, diabetes insipidus and cox-2 inhibitor

15) Confidence 0.66 Published 2008 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 18216147 Disease Relevance 0.76 Pain Relevance 0.33

Because renal prostaglandins are derived largely from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we hypothesized that treatment of NDI with a COX-2 inhibitor may relieve polyuria through increased expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in duct associated with polyuria, diabetes insipidus and cox-2 inhibitor

16) Confidence 0.66 Published 2008 Journal Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. Section Abstract Doc Link 18216147 Disease Relevance 0.76 Pain Relevance 0.33

As shown in Figure 3, taurine-deficient kidneys showed significantly higher levels of non-glycosylated (25 kD) and glycosylated (30-37 kD) forms of AQP 2 than the control and taurine treated groups, which both showed similar AQP 2 levels.

Gene_expression (levels) of AQP 2

17) Confidence 0.64 Published 2010 Journal J Biomed Sci Section Body Doc Link PMC2994366 Disease Relevance 0.28 Pain Relevance 0

As shown in Figure 7, renal tubules of TT/IR group displaying cystic dilatations exhibited immunostaining for AQP1 (panel A) but not AQP2 (panel B).

Gene_expression (immunostaining) of AQP2 in renal tubules

18) Confidence 0.64 Published 2010 Journal J Biomed Sci Section Body Doc Link PMC2994366 Disease Relevance 0.48 Pain Relevance 0.04

In contrast, the present study examined on CRF rats did not show any difference in total kidney AQP2 expression and urine concentration between the NaCl-restricted CRF rats treated with candesartan and NaCl-retricted CRF rats treated with vehicle alone.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in urine associated with chronic renal failure

19) Confidence 0.63 Published 2005 Journal Journal of Korean Medical Science Section Body Doc Link PMC2808601 Disease Relevance 0.62 Pain Relevance 0

Next, we aimed to examine the changes of iNOS expression and activated macrophage infiltration in the kidney and the effects of iNOS inhibition on AQP2 and NKCC2 expression in LPS rats.

Gene_expression (expression) of AQP2 in kidney

20) Confidence 0.58 Published 2009 Journal Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. Section Abstract Doc Link 19193739 Disease Relevance 0.46 Pain Relevance 0

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