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	<title>gnTEAM &#187; Search Results  &#187;  &#8220;Natural Language Processing&#8221;</title>
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	<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk</link>
	<description>Text extraction, analytics, mining</description>
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		<title>Temporal expression extraction with extensive feature type selection and a posteriori label adjustment</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/297998-temporal/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/297998-temporal/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Mar 2016 11:11:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mbelousov]]></dc:creator>
		
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		<title>Modelling and Extraction of Variability in Free-text Medication Prescriptions from an Anonymised Primary Care Electronic Medical Record Research Database</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/295950-modelling/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/295950-modelling/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Mar 2016 11:09:32 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>i2b2/UTHealth 2014</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/resources/i2b2-2014-task2/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/resources/i2b2-2014-task2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Jan 2016 16:32:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mbelousov]]></dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>These are the rules and the dictionaries used in the i2b2/UTHealth 2014 Challenge in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data. The task involved the identification of heart disease risk factors from longitudianl clinical notes of diabetic records. The methodology is knowledge-driven and the system implements local lexicalised rules (based on&#8230; </p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/resources/i2b2-2014-task2/">i2b2/UTHealth 2014</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>These are the rules and the dictionaries used in the i2b2/UTHealth 2014 Challenge in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data. The task involved the identification of heart disease risk factors from longitudianl clinical notes of diabetic records. The methodology is knowledge-driven and the system implements local lexicalised rules (based on syntactical patterns observed in notes) combined with manually constructed dictionaries that characterize the domain. The targeted heart disease risk factors were a total of eight classes, each one with its own specific indicators described above:</p>
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<ul>
<li>hyperlipidemia
<ul>
<li>mentions of the disease, high cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein levels</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>hypertension
<ul>
<li>mentions of the disease and high blood pressure</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>diabetes
<ul>
<li>mentions of the disease, high glucose levels and high haemoglobin levels</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>obesity
<ul>
<li>mentions of the disease, high body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>coronary artery disease (CAD)
<ul>
<li>mentions of the disease, tests, events and related symptoms</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>medications
<ul>
<li>related prescribed medications to any of the above diseases, a total of 22 drug categories (e.g., sulfonylureas, meglitinides)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>family history
<ul>
<li>first degree patient relatives who are/were diagnosed prematurely with CAD</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>smoking status
<ul>
<li>whether the patient is a &#8220;current&#8221;, &#8220;past&#8221;, &#8220;ever&#8221; or &#8220;never&#8221; smoker or they have an unknown smoking status.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The rules for the identification of these risk factors from clinical notes were created and implemented through <a href="http://minorthird.sourceforge.net/">MinorThird</a>. Eight mixup files (Minorthird&#8217;s file format) contain the respective rules for each one of the targeted risk factors. You can download the files here:</p>
Note: There is a file embedded within this post, please visit this post to download the file.
<p>The rules were based on common lexical paterns that indicate the presence of the targeted factors (e.., &#8220;male with hypertension&#8221;, &#8220;pmh: diabetes, hypertension&#8221;). The rules were combined with a number of task-specific dictionaries that were manually tailored by observing the training set (provided by the organisers of the i2b2 challenge) for the usage of terms describing the associated risk factors and expressions related to their indicators (e.g., “blood pressure”, “high blood pressure”, “systolic blood pressure”, etc.), and by adding clinical synonyms and acronyms from the Unified Medical Language System21 (UMLS) for specific terms of interest. The dictionaries can be found inside the respective mixup files.</p>
<p>More details on the architecture and the performance of the tool can be found in the paper below.</p>
<ul>
<li>Karystianis, G., Dehghan, A., Kovacevic, A., Keane, JA., Nenadic, G. <i>Using Local Lexicalized Rules to Identify Heart Disease Risk Factors in Clinical Notes Corresponding Author: Dr. Goran Nenadic (Accepted 2015, JBI).</i></li>
</ul>
<div>Contact George Christopher Karystianis, (<a href="mailto:karystianis@gmail.com">karystianis@gmail</a>) regarding any questions, bugs and/or suggestions.</div>
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<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/resources/i2b2-2014-task2/">i2b2/UTHealth 2014</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Using local lexicalized rules to identify heart disease risk factors in clinical notes</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/271066-using/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publication/271066-using/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2016 11:46:19 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Blog sentiment analysis</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/blog-sentiment-analysis/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/blog-sentiment-analysis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2015 13:57:35 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Sentiment analysis is the extraction of attitudes and opinions from human-authored documents. The capture and analysis of such attitudes and opinions in an automated and structured fashion might offer a powerful technology to a number of problem domains, including business intelligence, marketing, national security, and crime prevention. This project aims&#8230; </p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/blog-sentiment-analysis/">Blog sentiment analysis</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sentiment analysis is the extraction of attitudes and opinions from human-authored documents. The capture and analysis of such attitudes and opinions in an automated and structured fashion might offer a powerful technology to a number of problem domains, including business intelligence, marketing, national security, and crime prevention. This project aims to develop technologies for extraction and analysis of sentiment from free text using a combination of natural language processing (NLP), text mining and machine learning techniques. The work will evolve building models of sentiment from which suitable templates for extraction will be designed. The current main focus is in the health-care domain.</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/blog-sentiment-analysis/">Blog sentiment analysis</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Document clustering and summarisation</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/document-clustering-and-summarisation/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/document-clustering-and-summarisation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2015 13:41:44 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Document clustering is a generic problem with wide spread applications within Natural Language engineering. Present research focuses on using text summarization techniques as a pre-processing step for document clustering in the context of automated assessment of student essays. One of the major problems in natural language processing is that a&#8230; </p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/document-clustering-and-summarisation/">Document clustering and summarisation</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Document clustering is a generic problem with wide spread applications within Natural Language engineering. Present research focuses on using text summarization techniques as a pre-processing step for document clustering in the context of automated assessment of student essays. One of the major problems in natural language processing is that a document can contain a very large number of words. If each of these words is represented as a vector coordinate, the number of dimensions would be too high for the document clustering algorithm. Hence, it is crucial to apply pre-processing methods (such as summarisation) that reduce the number of dimensions (words) to be given to the document clustering algorithm, but to keep both the information and quality of what has been presented in original documents.</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/project/document-clustering-and-summarisation/">Document clustering and summarisation</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Prof Goran Nenadic</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/staff/gnenadic/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/staff/gnenadic/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:02:20 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>Prof Goran Nenadic is Professor in the School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, a group leader in the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and Health eResearch Centre (HeRC).</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/staff/gnenadic/">Prof Goran Nenadic</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prof Goran Nenadic is Professor in the School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, a group leader in the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) and Health eResearch Centre (HeRC).</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/staff/gnenadic/">Prof Goran Nenadic</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data:  Continuous Success at i2b2 Challenges</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/challenges/i2b2/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/challenges/i2b2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 11:57:59 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>2011 &#8211; This year we took again part in the annual i2b2 shared task, an international text mining challenge in the clinical/health-care domain. The team composed of members from University of Novi Sad (Kovacevic, A.) and University of Manchester (Dehghan, A., Nenadic G. and Keane, J.). The aim of the challenge&#8230; </p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/challenges/i2b2/">Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data:  Continuous Success at i2b2 Challenges</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>2011</b> &#8211; This year we took again part in the annual i2b2 shared task, an international text mining challenge in the clinical/health-care domain. The team composed of members from University of Novi Sad (Kovacevic, A.) and University of Manchester (Dehghan, A., Nenadic G. and Keane, J.). The aim of the challenge (Fifth/i2b2, Track II: Sentiment analysis) was to classify at line-level, statements in suicide notes into 15 categories (i.e., emotions and expressions).</p>
<p>The challenge was most interesting this year to say the least. Despite some surprises, we managed to rank eight out of 26 participating teams. We were also one of only 5 teams invited to give a talk at the workshop and a full text <a href="https://fastcustomwritinghelp.com/blog/5-holy-grail-tips-for-editing-and-proofreading" style="text-decoration: none; color: inherit;">publication</a>.</p>
<p><b>2010</b> &#8211; A team of staff from Manchester&#8217;s School of Computer Science (Irena Spasic, Farzaneh Sarafraz, John A. Keane and Goran Nenadic) took again part in the Third i2b2 shared task. The challenge was organised by Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside, i2b2.</p>
<p>This year, the aim was the extraction of medication-related information from narrative patient records. For each medication mention, details (such as medication name, dosage, reason for taking, frequency, duration etc.) were provided by the participants and have been evaluated against a manually extracted godl standard, which was generated by collaborative annotation by all participating teams.</p>
<p>We are pleased to announce that our team repeated the last year&#8217;s success and was among the top ranked teams for the second year running. Overall, the team was ranked third out of 19 teams taking part, with the same significance level as the second ranked team.</p>
<p><b>2009</b> &#8211; More information on the 2009 challenge can be found at: <a href="https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/Medication/">i2b2 Web site: the Third Shared Task in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data: <strong>Medication Extraction</strong>Challenge</a>.</p>
<p><b>2008</b> &#8211; Our team was announced the winner in one of the two tasks in the Second shared challenge in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data: <strong>Obesity Challenge: Who&#8217;s obese and what co-morbidities do they (definitely/likely) have?</strong></p>
<p>The goal of the 2008 challenge was to evaluate NLP systems on their ability to recognise whether a patient is obese and what co-morbidities they exhibit. The data consisted of hospital discharge summaries, and obesity information and co-morbidities were marked at a document level as present, absent, questionable or unmentioned. For each patient, both textual judgments (what the text explicitly states about obesity and co-morbidities) and intuitive judgments (what the text implies about obesity and co-morbidities) were provided by the participants.</p>
<p>There were 28 teams taking part in the 2008 challenge. Our TEAM was announced as the <strong>winner</strong> for the textual task (97.2% accuracy) and we were ranked <strong>7th</strong> in the intuitive judgement task (95.7% accuracy).</p>
<p><b>Publications</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Kovacevic, A., Dehghan, A., Keane, J., Nenadic, G.: <b>Topic Categorisation of Statements in Suicide Notes with Integrated Rules and Machine Learning</b>, J Biomed Informatics Insight, In press 2012 (<a href="http://la-press.com/article.php?article_id=3027">link</a>)</li>
<li>Spasic, I., Sarafraz, F., Keane, J., Nenadic, G.: <b>Medication Information Extraction with Linguistic Pattern Matching and Semantic Rules</b>, Proceedings of the i2b2 2009 Workshop.</li>
<li>Yang, H., Spasic, I., Keane, J., Nenadic, G.: <b>A Text Mining Approach to the Prediction of a Disease Status from Clinical Discharge Summaries</b>, J. of American Medical Informatics Association, 16(4):596-600; (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390098">link</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/Medication/">i2b2 Medication Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/Obesity/">i2b2 Obesity Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/2008WorkshopSchedule.php">Obesity Challenge Workshop</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gnode1.mib.man.ac.uk/awards.html" target="_blank">Detailed ranking results and awards for 2008</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/Medication/assets/results_2008.pdf">Official 2008 results</a></li>
</ul>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/challenges/i2b2/">Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data:  Continuous Success at i2b2 Challenges</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Information for prospective postgraduate students</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/prospective-postgraduates/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/prospective-postgraduates/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2015 12:21:04 +0000</pubDate>
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				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="osc-res-tab tabbable   osc-tabs-left"><div style="clear:both;width: 100%;"><ul class="nav osc-res-nav nav-pills osc-tabs-left-ul" id="oscitas-restabs-1-prospective-postgraduates-29083"><li class="active"><a href="./#general-information" data-toggle="tab">General information</a></li><li class=""><a href="./#themes" data-toggle="tab">Themes</a></li><li class=""><a href="./#application-steps" data-toggle="tab">Application steps</a></li><li class=""><a href="./#funding" data-toggle="tab">Funding</a></li><li class=""><a href="./#environment" data-toggle="tab">Environment</a></li></ul></div><div style="clear:both;width: 100%;"><ul class="tab-content" id="oscitas-restabcontent-1-prospective-postgraduates-29083"><li class="tab-pane active" id="general-information"></p>
<h3>General information</h3>
<p>We are always keen to have postgraduate research students in various areas of text mining and natural language processing. As a rule of thumb, you will need to have an xmaplesxcellent first degree in computer science or related area (e.g. computational lingustics, mathematics, physics, bioinformatics), with very good programming experience and some experience in natural language processing (e.g. final year project, summer internship, an ad-hoc project). An MSc or publications in a related area will be also a distinctive advanatage <a href="https://writing-help.org/blog/domestic-terrorism-essay" style="text-decoration: none; color: inherit;">try terrorism essay for free</a>.</p>
<p>The main theme of our research is <strong>feature engineering</strong> from unstructured documents written in natural languages. We investigate methodologies for the extraction of both explicit and implicit features from large collections of textual documents. Features can be terms, names, relations, co-occurances, events, etc. Once engineered from text, the features can be used to provide understanding and reasoning over knowledge (e.g. by applying machine learning or data mining) &#8211; this discipline is referred to as text analytics, text mining or more generally natural language processing (NLP).</p>
<p></li><li class="tab-pane " id="themes"></p>
<h3>Themes</h3>
<p>Here are some core <strong>text mining themes</strong> (please see below for details) that are currently the focus in our TEAM:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Text analytics and sentiment analysis</strong>: identification of subjective opinion and sentiment features from user-generated content (e.g. blog mining, tweets, etc.);</li>
<li><strong>Extracting negations, contrasts and contradictions</strong>: identification of utterances that are negated, or contrast or contradict some other expressions (both explicit and implicit);</li>
<li><strong>Concept mining and structuring</strong>: learning and identification of concepts and terminology from text, including their structuring (internal and external);</li>
<li><strong>Temporal text analytics</strong>: identification of temporal expressions and their scope in text;</li>
<li><strong>Integrated text and data mining</strong>: combining the results from different perspectives using various methods from machine learning;</li>
<li><strong>Text processing midleware for the Semantic Web</strong>: building an infrastructure to support building text mining solutions for the Semantic Web (identification of concepts, links, etc);</li>
</ul>
<p>and these are preferred <strong>application areas</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Biology and biomedicine (molecular interactions, cancer studies, characterisation of molecular events, etc.)</li>
<li>Bioinformatics and computational biology (tools, services, resources, methods)</li>
<li>Clinical medicine and health-care (clinical decision support, quality of life monitoring)</li>
<li>E-science, e-commerce and e-government (e.g. monitoring, tracking, dissemination of information)</li>
<li>Engineering (knowledge management)</li>
</ul>
<p>You would typically &#8216;select&#8217; a topic that consist of a particular theme in a specific application area. I&#8217;d be also happy to consider proposals in the areas of <strong>multi-lingual text mining</strong> and <strong>NLP for Serbian</strong>.</p>
<p></li><li class="tab-pane " id="application-steps"></p>
<h3>Application steps</h3>
<p>You will be expected to have passion for text processing, in addition to an excellent first degree in computer science or related area. Some experience in natural language processing is very useful, whereas very good programming experience (in a combination of programming languages) is a must. If you belive you&#8217;ve got all these, send an email to Goran Nenadic (see below) with a full CV and a brief note as why you would like to do PhD in our TEAM. Please allow some time for us to reply. Contact email: <a href="mailto:G.Nenadic@manchester.ac.uk">G.Nenadic@manchester.ac.uk</a>.</p>
<p></li><li class="tab-pane " id="funding"></p>
<h3>Funding</h3>
<p>PhD studies are between 3 and 4 years, typically closer to 4 than to 3 years. There is only one route for securing funding: the candidate needs to be outstanding. There are 3 possible sources of funding:</p>
<ul>
<li>specific, pre-defined projects (NONE CURRENTLY),</li>
<li>funding from the School of Computer Science (see <a href="http://cdt.cs.manchester.ac.uk/" target="_blank">here</a> for details) and</li>
<li>external funding (private, external bodies &#8211; e.g. foreign governments, etc).</li>
</ul>
<p></li><li class="tab-pane " id="environment"></p>
<h3>Environment</h3>
<p>The School of Computer Science is one of the leading Schools in the UK reknown for the excellence of its research. The world&#8217;s first computer with internal memory was build in the School and Alan Turing has laid the foundations of Computer Science and Artificial intelligence while in Manchester. The international reputation of our research reflects on its high ranking in the last national Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), which places the School among the best five Computer Science departments in the UK and top in England for research power. The School has a vibrant research environment with more than 150 PhD students, 90 research staff and 70 academic staff.</p>
<p>Our research <a href="http://gnode.dev/people/">TEAM</a> is part of the Text Mining/NLP research group, which hosts the UK National Centre for Text Mining. We are also affiliated to <a href="http://www.mib.ac.uk/" target="_blank">the Manchester Interdisciplinary BioCentre</a>. The team is vibrant, diverse and very much international.</p>
<p></li></ul></div></div>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/prospective-postgraduates/">Information for prospective postgraduate students</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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		<title>Contact</title>
		<link>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/</link>
		<comments>http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2015 12:00:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[<p>We are always keen to collaborate in various areas of text mining and natural language processing. Please contact us using the contact form or via email below. Email: G.Nenadic@manchester.ac.uk Phone: +44-(0)161-27-56289; +44-(0)161-30-65936 Office location: Kilburn 2.48 ; 1.015 (MIB building) Mailing address: School of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL,&#8230; </p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/">Contact</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We are always keen to collaborate in various areas of text mining and natural language processing. Please contact us using the contact form or via email below.</p>
<p><b>Email:</b> <a href="mailto:G.Nenadic@manchester.ac.uk">G.Nenadic@manchester.ac.uk</a><br />
<b>Phone:</b> +44-(0)<a href="https://custom-paper-writing.com/blog/narrative-essay-topic" style="text-decoration: none; color: inherit;">161-27-56289</a>; +44-(0)161-30-65936<br />
<b>Office location:</b> Kilburn 2.48 ; 1.015 (MIB building)</p>
<p><b>Mailing address:</b><br />
School of Computer Science<br />
University of Manchester<br />
Oxford Road<br />
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK</p>
<h3></h3>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk/contact/">Contact</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gnteam.cs.manchester.ac.uk">gnTEAM</a>.</p>
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